“…The decline in information asymmetry can strengthen corporate governance mechanisms, while institutional investors basically exert a monitoring role on management through their communications (Holland, 1999;Jiang and Yuan, 2017). Indeed, the very act of visiting a company can negatively impact the interests of the management team, such as inducing a stock price decline (Bartov et al, 2002;Gao et al, 2017) or elevating litigation risk (Johnson et al, 2001;Baginski et al, 2002;Rogers and Van Buskirk, 2009). Intuitively, information disclosure may restrain management behaviour.…”