Segmented assimilation on the ground: The new second generation in early adulthood

Portes, Alejandro; Fernández‐Kelly, Patricia; Haller, William

doi:10.1080/01419870500224117

Cited by 481 publications

(372 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…On the one hand, researchers have noted that immigrant children's greater likelihood of experiencing poverty and the tendency for immigrant families to be clustered in poor, inner-city neighborhoods may put immigrant children at risk for numerous deleterious outcomes (Hernandez 2003;Portes, Fernandez-Kelly, and Haller 2005;Rumbaut 2005). For example, they may be at risk for participating in gangs (Portes and Rumbaut 2001;Zhou and Bankston 1998), engaging in the drug trade or other illegal activities (Gans 1992;Martinez et al 2004;Portes et al 2005;Rumbaut 2005), dropping out of school (Hirschman 2001;Landale et al 1998). On the other hand, researchers have suggested that the high motivation levels and achievement-related cultural values of many immigrant groups may spur immigrant children to greater educational accomplishments than their native counterparts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is assimilation theory dead? The effect of assimilation on adolescent well-being

Greenman

Xie

2008

Social Science Research

126

104

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The relationship between assimilation and the well-being of immigrant children has been the focus of debate in the recent sociological literature. Much of this work has questioned whether classical theories of immigrant adaptation, which assumed assimilation to be an integral part of the process of upward mobility for immigrants, are still applicable to today's immigrant children. This study reevaluates the applicability of classical assimilation theory with a comprehensive empirical assessment of the relationship between assimilation and the well-being of Hispanic and Asian immigrant adolescents. Using Add Health data, we examine the effect of different aspects of assimilation on educational achievement, psychological well-being, and at-risk behaviors. We find that the effect of assimilation varies greatly depending on the ethnic group and outcome under consideration, but that it is generally related to both greater academic achievement and more at-risk behavior. We conclude that assimilation theory is still relevant, but suggest an interpretation that emphasizes a process of decreasing differences between groups rather than either detrimental or beneficial effects of assimilation. KeywordsImmigrants; adolescents; youths; assimilation; ethnicity Recent sociological literature has devoted considerable attention to the well-being of immigrant children (e.g.,

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is assimilation theory dead? The effect of assimilation on adolescent well-being

Greenman

Xie

2008

Social Science Research

126

104

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“…One critical feature in the mode of incorporation offered by the host society is economic opportunity; segmented assimilation theory focuses on the lack of labour markets for the relatively unskilled and undereducated, opportunities said to be readily available to immigrants in the US economy at the turn of the century (Portes et al, 2005; but see Waldinger, 2007).…”

Section: Theoretical Models For the Process Of Convergencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This path is largely a consequence of prejudice in the host population. Portes et al 2005 submit that 'Children of Asian, black, mulatto, and mestizo immigrants cannot escape their ethnicity and race, as defined by the mainstream….…”

Section: Theoretical Models For the Process Of Convergencementioning

confidence: 99%

Immigrants, their children, and theories of assimilation: Family structure in the United States, 1880–1970

Gratton

Gutmann

Skop

2007

The History of the Family

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This research employs United States census data from 1880 to 1970 to assess the influence of ethnicity and generation on the family structure of Mexican, Irish, Swedish, Italian, Polish, and native white children. Using evidence for three generations, it tests two theories, linear assimilation and segmented assimilation. Assimilation theory makes no special claims for ethnic effects, but segmented assimilation proposes that ethnicity influences the incorporation of immigrant-origin children into American society. We find few consistent ethnic effects on the probability of family type. Our principal finding is that migration itself, common to all groups, has similar consequences for all; these are revealed in generational changes in family structure. The historical periods of open immigration do differ from the contemporary period, which implies that immigration policy affects family structure. The results disconfirm segmented assimilation theory's emphasis on ethnicity in family structure, and confirm aspects of linear assimilation theory. They point to the salience of structural factors resulting from migration experience and policy, rather than ethnicity, in the evolution of family form among immigrant-origin persons.

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“…Authors such as, Berry (1980); Betancourt and Lopez (1993); Portes and Zhou (1993); Peñaloza (1994); Phinney (1996a); Webster (1994) ;Burton 2000;Waldinger and Feliciano 2004;Portes, Fernandez-Kelly and Haller (2005); Portes and Rumbaut (2005); argue with particular reference to second-generation migrant offspring, that as minorities experience the pull of 'two competing cultures', cultural background becomes a key determinant of ethnic identity or affiliation. However what is noteworthy, as Esptein and Heizel (2015) suggest, over the last few years economists have begun to explore cultural and ethnic segregation using psychology and sociology of identity theories.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identity and difference – re-thinking UK South Asian entrepreneurship

McPherson

2017

JEC

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Purpose This paper, which is part of a larger study, aims to discuss from an ethno-cultural perspective, the notion of self-identification and difference pertaining to first and second-generation South Asian male entrepreneurs. In essence, previous studies have not explored this dimension to any sufficient depth. Therefore, evidence is unclear as to how ethno-culture has informed entrepreneurial identity and difference. Design/methodology/approach Adopting a phenomenological research paradigm, 42 semi-structured interviews were conducted with first- and second-generation Sikh and Pakistani Muslim male entrepreneurs in Greater London. A typology of second-generation entrepreneurs is developed and a research agenda proposed. Findings First-generation respondents regard the UK as home and do not suffer from shifts in identity. These particular respondents identify themselves as Sikh or Pakistani Muslim or a Businessman. However, the second-generation identify themselves via three distinct labels. Here respondents stress their ethnicity by using Hyphenated British identities or hide their ethnicity behind the term a Normal Businessman, or appear opportunists by using ethnicity as a resource to espouse a true entrepreneurial identity. Research limitations/implications The research environment within the Greater London area where the respondents are located may not be as generalisable when compared with other parts of the UK. Originality/value This paper offers a unique insight into self-prescribed identity and difference noted among London’s ethnic entrepreneurs.

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Segmented assimilation on the ground: The new second generation in early adulthood

Cited by 481 publications

References 21 publications

Is assimilation theory dead? The effect of assimilation on adolescent well-being

Is assimilation theory dead? The effect of assimilation on adolescent well-being

Immigrants, their children, and theories of assimilation: Family structure in the United States, 1880–1970

Identity and difference – re-thinking UK South Asian entrepreneurship

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