Segregation behaviors of Sc and unique primary Al3Sc in Al-Sc alloys prepared by molten salt electrolysis

Liu, Xuan; Xue, Junmin; Guo, Zhichao; Zhang, Cheng

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2019.02.002

Cited by 31 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…As mentioned before, the dendrites originate from the phase instability due to the kinetic roughening from compositional supercooling. The morphologies of the Al3Sc compound in Al-Sc alloys with Sc content below 1.5 wt.% show similar features [35]. However, the growth direction in cubic materials is usually along <100> [20], which is usually affected by thermal conductivity and elastic properties and external field including the As mentioned before, the dendrites originate from the phase instability due to the kinetic roughening from compositional supercooling.…”

Section: The Crystallography Of Al3scmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…However, the growth direction in cubic materials is usually along <100> [20], which is usually affected by thermal conductivity and elastic properties and external field including the As mentioned before, the dendrites originate from the phase instability due to the kinetic roughening from compositional supercooling. The morphologies of the Al 3 Sc compound in Al-Sc alloys with Sc content below 1.5 wt.% show similar features [35]. However, the growth direction in cubic materials is usually along <100> [20], which is usually affected by thermal conductivity and elastic properties and external field including the temperature field, solute field, fluid field, etc.…”

Section: The Crystallography Of Al3scmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Cast Microstructure and Crystallographic Features of Al3Sc Dendrites in High Sc-Contained Al-Sc Alloys

He,

Jia,

Ding

et al. 2024

Crystals

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Al-Sc alloys containing high Sc content are employed as sputtering targets for the fabrication of high-performance piezoelectric films during magnetic sputtering. Due to the high proportion of the Al3Sc phase, their workability is quite limited, and they are often used in the as-cast state. In this study, the crystallography of Al3Sc dendrites in as-casted Al-10at.%Sc and Al-20at.%Sc samples is examined using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). With increasing Sc content, the fraction of Al3Sc also increases. The Al3Sc dendrites exhibit a cubic relationship with the Al matrix in both alloys. However, in Al-10%Sc alloys, the facets of the Al3Sc dendrites are parallel to {001} planes, while twinning is observed in Al-20at.%. The twinning plane is parallel to the {111} plane, and the dendrite growth direction aligns with the <110> directions. The different morphologies of the dendrite structures in these two alloys are discussed in relation to thermodynamic and kinetic considerations based on the phase diagram and nucleation rate.

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Section: The Crystallography Of Al3scmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: The Crystallography Of Al3scmentioning

confidence: 89%

Cast Microstructure and Crystallographic Features of Al3Sc Dendrites in High Sc-Contained Al-Sc Alloys

He,

Jia,

Ding

et al. 2024

Crystals

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“…The Al-Sc alloy with current efficiency of 71.1% and Sc content of 7.5 wt.% was obtained by electrolysis at 1253 K and a cathode current density of 0.8 A/cm 2 for 2 h. When adding 4 wt.% MgF 2 and 2 wt.% CaF 2 [87,88] in molten salt, an aluminum-scandium alloy with a scandium content of 0.5 wt.% was obtained by electrolysis. It was found through detection that the Al 3 Sc phase [89] in the alloy had fine grains and high dispersion, which contributed to the improvement of the alloy's hardness and tensile strength [90]. Liu et al [91] used Al-7Si alloy as the liquid cathode to prepare an Al-Si-Sc-Ce alloy, and by controlling the cooling rate of the alloy, a low-cerium, high-scandium Al-7Si-0.8Sc-0.6Ce alloy was obtained.…”

Section: Re-al Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Status of Electrolytic Preparation of Rare Earth Metals and Alloys in Fluoride Molten Salt System: A Mini Review of China

Liao,

Que,

et al. 2024

Metals

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China’s rare earth reserves and consumption are the highest in the world. Rare earth metals and alloys play a pivotal role in the domains of permanent magnetic materials, hydrogen storage materials, luminescent materials, abrasive materials, etc. The molten salt electrolysis process is the most widely used method for producing light rare earth metals and alloys in China, with distinct advantages such as continuous production and short process flow. This article focuses on the process technology of preparing rare earth metals and alloys by electrolyzing rare earth oxides in fluoride systems. This article summarizes the effects of process parameters such as cathode and anode structures, electrolysis temperature, and current density on the direct recovery and current efficiency of the preparation of light rare earth metals (La, Ce, Pr, Nd), RE–Mg (RE for rare earth) alloys, RE–Al alloys, RE–Ni alloys, and other rare earth alloys. Meanwhile, the disadvantages of the electrolytic cells and electrode configurations that are currently used in industrial production are discussed. Accordingly, the future prospects of molten salt electrolysis technology in the preparation of rare earth metals and alloys are clarified.

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“…Recently published works [25,26] indicate that there is a trend to partially replace scandium with ytterbium as an alloying and modifying additive in the production of aluminum alloys. In research published by [25,26], it was stated that ytterbium can have some effects on diminishing grain size during deformation or cast processing of aluminum alloys due to release of dispersoids L12. Experimental studies by Hong, et.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the ytterbium reduction process in the synthesis of Al – Yb master alloys for the modification of aluminum alloys

Bazhin¹,

Savchenkov²,

Gordevnin³

2022

nfm

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This work investigates the synthesis process and characterization of a novel type of aluminum-ytterbium master alloy in molten salts. The significance of the obtained results for the research conducted in the field so far is due to the previously proven effectiveness of the influence of ytterbium on the structure and properties of aluminum alloys. During experimental work, the thermodynamic analysis of the aluminothermic process of ytterbium fluoride reduction from molten salts was performed and revealed that the process might occur and develop in the presence of sodium fluoride and potassium chloride if the NaYbF 4 precursor is formed. Subsequently, the temperature intervals of thermal effects during the process of reduction of ytterbium from its fluoride in molten salts (NaF -KCl) by aluminum were determined as a result of thermal analysis. During Al -Yb master alloys synthesis experiments, the maximal value of ytterbium extraction to master alloy of 82.5% was achieved by changing the process parameters, such as temperature, reaction time, and molten salts/aluminium ratios. Besides, master alloys containing ytterbium from 1.1 to 5.1 wt.% were synthesized using the optimized technological process conditions and examined with metallographic analysis. The analysis revealed that the microstructure of the synthesized master alloys is presented by eutectic colonies of Al + Al 3 Yb composition located along the boundaries of α-Al dendritic cells. It was found that about 85.5% of the area of the studied samples with ytterbium content of 5.1 wt.% consist of aluminum dendrites with an average cell size of 25 μm. The presented in this research results are of significant importance for the development of cheap and high-quality aluminum alloys.

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Segregation behaviors of Sc and unique primary Al3Sc in Al-Sc alloys prepared by molten salt electrolysis

Cited by 31 publications

References 32 publications

Cast Microstructure and Crystallographic Features of Al3Sc Dendrites in High Sc-Contained Al-Sc Alloys

Cast Microstructure and Crystallographic Features of Al3Sc Dendrites in High Sc-Contained Al-Sc Alloys

Research Status of Electrolytic Preparation of Rare Earth Metals and Alloys in Fluoride Molten Salt System: A Mini Review of China

Investigation of the ytterbium reduction process in the synthesis of Al – Yb master alloys for the modification of aluminum alloys

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