Seismic Data Interpretation and Identification of Hydrocarbon-Bearing Zones of Rajian Area, Pakistan

Abstract

The present study interprets the subsurface structure of the Rajian area using seismic sections and the identification of hydrocarbon-bearing zones using petrophysical analysis. The Rajian area lies within the Upper Indus Basin in the southeast (SE) of the Salt Range Potwar Foreland Basin. The marked horizons are identified using formation tops from two vertical wells. Seismic interpretation of the given 2D seismic data reveals that the study area has undergone severe distortion illustrated by thrusts and back thrusts, forming a triangular zone within the subsurface. The final trend of those structures is northwest–southeast (NW–SE), indicating that the area is part of the compressional regime. The zones interpreted by the study of hydrocarbon potential include Sakessar limestone and Khewra sandstone. Due to the unavailability of a petrophysics log within the desired investigation depths, lithology cross-plots were used for the identification of two potential hydrocarbon-bearing zones in one well at depths of 3740–3835 m (zone 1) and 4015–4100 m (zone 2). The results show that zone 2 is almost devoid of hydrocarbons, while zone 1 has an average hydrocarbon saturation of about 11%.

Seismic Description of Deep Strike-Slip Fault Damage Zone by Steerable Pyramid Method in the Sichuan Basin, China

“…In deep tight reservoirs, seismic technology has been widely used in the fracture network description [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Constrained by low-resolution seismic data, the conventional seismic methods are generally unfavorable in the identification of deep fractured reservoirs along the fault damage zones.…”

“…In the deep subsurface, seismic attributes (such as coherence, amplitude, variance, curvature, etc.) play an important role in describing the fault damage zone and its fractured reservoirs [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Recently, seismic process methods, such as maximum likelihood, structural tensor, and illumination have been used to image the deep fault damage zone and fractured reservoirs [8,9,17].…”

Using Integrated Seismic Interpretation Methodology in the (Abo-Rabah) Hydrocarbon Structure Field

“…A similar seismic interpretation methodology was used in Pakistan, to identify hydrocarbon-bearing zones of Rajian area. Time maps of top Paleocene (Eocene) formations indicated the presence of positive structures in the study area (Ahmad et al, 2021). a. Inset Map of tectonic units in Syria (Syrian Petroleum Company, 2010).…”