Seismic Discontinuities Across the North American Caribbean Plate Boundary From S‐to‐P Receiver Functions

Possee, Daniel; Rychert, C.; Harmon, Nicholas; Keir, Derek

doi:10.1029/2021gc009723

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…(2013) is absent directly beneath the island chain; it could also correspond to the base of a relatively thin restite root, or any permeability boundary that caused melt to pond at these depths, generating a sharp boundary that the receiver functions could easily detect. The same phenomena have been suggested for other hotspots, for example, the Caribbean LIP (Possee et al., 2021) and Iceland (Rychert et al., 2018). The even deeper LAB (110 km) estimate of Li et al.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Seismic Constraints on Crustal and Uppermost Mantle Structure Beneath the Hawaiian Swell: Implications for Plume‐Lithosphere Interactions

Yang

Morgan

2022

JGR Solid Earth

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Seismic Constraints on Crustal and Uppermost Mantle Structure Beneath the Hawaiian Swell: Implications for Plume‐Lithosphere Interactions

Yang

Morgan

2022

JGR Solid Earth

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“…We can confirm by visual inspection that the largest amplitudes also correspond to the P ‐waves and the initial SNR cutoff is a valid approach. The remaining waveforms, corresponding to 21,356 event‐station pairs, were deconvolved using the extended‐time multi‐taper frequency domain deconvolution technique (Agius et al., 2017, 2021; Chichester et al., 2018; Helffrich, 2006; Lavayssière et al., 2018; Possee et al., 2021; Rychert and Harmon, 2018; Rychert, Harmon, & Armitage, 2018; Rychert et al., 2013, 2014, 2021, 2020, 2018a, 2018b; Shibutani et al., 2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic Imaging Beneath Cascadia Shows Shallow Mantle Flow Patterns Guide Lower Mantle Upwellings

Dai,

Rychert,

Harmon

2023

JGR Solid Earth

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The mantle transition zone plays an important role in modulating material transport between the upper mantle and the lower mantle. Constraining this transport is essential for understanding geochemical reservoirs, hydration cycles, and the evolution of the Earth. Slabs and hotspots are assumed to be the dominant locations of transport. However, the degree of material transport in other areas is debated. We apply P‐to‐S receiver functions to an amphibious dataset from Cascadia to image the mantle transition zone discontinuities beneath mid‐ocean ridges, a hotspot, and a subduction zone. We find a mantle transition zone thinned by 10 ± 6 km beneath the ridges and by 8 ± 4 km behind the slab, closely resembling the 660 discontinuity topography. Depressions on the 410 discontinuity are smaller, 5 ± 2 km on average, focused in the north and the south and accompanied by supra‐410 discontinuity melt phases. The depressions occur away from locations of uplifted 660 discontinuity, but near slow seismic velocity anomalies imaged in the upper mantle. This suggests lower mantle upwellings occur beneath ridges and slabs but stall in the transition zone, with upper mantle convection determining upward material transport from the transition zone. Therefore, upper mantle dynamics play a larger role in determining transfer than typically assumed.

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“…More recently, S-to-P receiver functions have been particularly useful in imaging mid-lithospheric discontinuities and the LAB (e.g. Li et al 2004;Kumar et al 2005a;Rychert et al 2018aRychert et al ,b, 2020Ford et al 2010;Fischer et al 2010Fischer et al , 2020Lekić et al 2011;Possee et al 2021;Chichester et al 2018;Lavayssière et al 2018). The advantage of S-to-P over the P-to-S converted phases is that the conversions arrive before the direct S wave; thus, they are separated from near-surface reverberations, which arrive later.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hansen & Schmandt (2017) calculated sensitivity kernels for P-to-S and S-to-P receiver functions for velocity models in a structured grid. The traveltime calculations were performed using the fast-marching technique for solving the eikonal equation (Rawlinson & Sambridge 2004), which allows traveltime calculations for arbitrary velocity structure. Amplitudes were approximated by geometrical spreading from a point source in a homogeneous medium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast calculation of spatial sensitivity kernels for scattered waves in arbitrary heterogeneous media using graph theory

Bogiatzis

Rychert

Harmon

et al. 2022

Geophysical Journal International

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Summary P-to-S and S-to-P receiver functions are widely to constrain the seismic discontinuity structures of the Earth. Typically, receiver functions are projected to the depth and location of conversion assuming a 1-D layered Earth structure. Receiver function finite frequency sensitivity kernels have the potential to increase resolution. Here we present a method for rapidly calculating the P- and S- wave receiver function sensitivity kernels, based upon the shortest path method and Dijkstra's algorithm to calculate the travel time fields, and accounting for geometrical spreading in heterogeneous media. The validity of the approach is evaluated by comparing with amplitudes derived from a finite difference elastic full waveform simulation in a complex subduction zone geometry. We show P-to-S and S-to-P kernels calculated using our method for three examples cases: a half space, a layer with topography, and sinusoidal discontinuity. We also demonstrate the kernel recovery of discontinuities with these topographies by inverting synthetic data from SPECFEM2D. We find that P-to-S kernels recover the structure of strong topography better than S-to-P kernels, although S-to-P kernels may be useful in some situations. P-to-S kernels also show better recovery of the amplitude of the discontinuities in comparison to S-to-P, although both typically achieve values within a few percent of the input model. The computational cost of our approach for improved kernel calculation in heterogeneous media is up to a few tens of seconds per station for typical regional scale models on the scale of several 100s of kilometres.

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Seismic Discontinuities Across the North American Caribbean Plate Boundary From S‐to‐P Receiver Functions

Cited by 5 publications

References 109 publications

Seismic Constraints on Crustal and Uppermost Mantle Structure Beneath the Hawaiian Swell: Implications for Plume‐Lithosphere Interactions

Seismic Constraints on Crustal and Uppermost Mantle Structure Beneath the Hawaiian Swell: Implications for Plume‐Lithosphere Interactions

Seismic Imaging Beneath Cascadia Shows Shallow Mantle Flow Patterns Guide Lower Mantle Upwellings

Fast calculation of spatial sensitivity kernels for scattered waves in arbitrary heterogeneous media using graph theory

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