Seismic-induced damage in historical masonry vaults: A case-study in the 2012 Emilia earthquake-stricken area

D’Altri, Antonio Maria; Castellazzi, Giovanni; Tralli, Antonio

doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2017.08.005

Cited by 48 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The homogenization process consists in replacing the repetition of a heterogeneous elementary cell through a homogeneous one whose constitutive relationships are derived from the characteristics of its individual components [8], [13], [14], [47]. However, in the scientific literature, the assumption of an isotropic concrete model has proven to be able to reasonably predict the masonry behaviour as long as proper material definition is provided [48], [49], [50], [51]. In this paper, as a preliminary study, the Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP) model was selected to model the constitutive behaviour of the timber-mortar material.…”

Section: Non-linear Analysis Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of in-plane shear displacements at the springings of Gothic cross vaults

Carfagnini

Baraccani

Silvestri

et al. 2018

Construction and Building Materials

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Extensive damages recorded during recent strong Italian earthquakes highlighted how vulnerable masonry vaults are and what deformations they receive from the rest of the building, which can be simulated as two phenomena: (i) a dynamic response of the vault itself, above the lateral walls and piers, and (ii) a pseudo-static response of the vault to imposed displacements at its springings, triggered by significant movement from the lateral walls and piers. This paper aims at improving knowledge in this field by simulating the first of these phenomena as static shear deformation at the springings. An experimental programme was set on a model of a typical quadripartite square Gothic cross vault (from the aisle of the Holyrood Abbey in Edinburgh). The test on a 1:4 scaled model had the shear displacement applied by moving two abutments in the longitudinal sense until failure, recording the crack pattern evolution and displacements of the ridges, identifying the diagonal cracks normal to the shear displacement that cause the damage and collapse in the vault. The crack pattern was validated with linear and non-linear numerical models, confirming particular observations like the uplift of the ridges and concentration of damage along the notional shear diagonal. Non-linear models are capable of capturing not only the crack pattern evolution, but also the vertical and horizontal displacements of the structure.

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Section: Non-linear Analysis Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of in-plane shear displacements at the springings of Gothic cross vaults

Carfagnini

Baraccani

Silvestri

et al. 2018

Construction and Building Materials

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show abstract

“…In this analysis, isotropic plastic-damage behaviour [61] is adopted for masonry. Although masonry is a complex material typically characterized by anisotropic behaviour, the hypothesis of isotropic nonlinear material generally appears suitable for historic masonries, as they usually present chaotic and random textures [33,32,28].…”

Section: Verification Of the Procedure: Nonlinear Finite Element Analmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reference to the Italian code has been made to set the mechanical properties of the material (cluttered stone masonry), which are collected in Table 2. The tensile strength has been kept equal to the value used in the FELA, whereas the evolution of the scalar damage variables and has been kept substantially proportional to the decay of the uniaxial stresses, as adopted in several numerical campaigns [32,63,33] (Table 2).…”

Section: Verification Of the Procedure: Nonlinear Finite Element Analmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once the mesh is available, it can be used within several computational tools for the structural analysis of historic masonry buildings. Particularly, such approaches are usually based on: a) the finite element method (FEM) [29,30,31,32,33,28,34,35]; b) the discrete element method (DEM) [36,37]; and c) limit analysis [38,39]. Interesting comparisons of computational techniques are provided in [40,41,42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stability analysis of leaning historic masonry structures

D’Altri

Miranda

Castellazzi

et al. 2018

Automation in Construction

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This paper introduces an automatic, powerful and easy to use procedure for undertaking stability analyses of leaning historic masonry structures, based on an upper bound finite element limit analysis (FELA) approach. The procedure proposed here consists of a comprehensive workflow which involves the automatic point cloud manipulation, the 3D mesh generation of the actual geometry for structural purposes (e.g. FE mesh), and a two-step FELA that reduces drastically optimization variables assuming only active few elements inside a restricted processing zone. To generalize the Heyman's intuition to complex real geometries, the use of a 3D upper bound FELA with a recursive kernel of variables reduction becomes necessary for a precise evaluation of the limit inclination that makes the structure collapse under gravity loads. This outcome permits to estimate the structural health condition of a historic structure by comparing the critical inclination angle with the actual one. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the automated procedure, the southwest leaning tower of the Caerphilly castle (Wales, UK) is investigated and failure mechanisms with collapse inclination angles are evaluated through FELA. The proposed procedure presents a high degree of automation at each operational level and, hence, could be effectively used to assess the stability of historic structures at a national scale and provide useful information to asset owners to classify the structural health condition of leaning historic masonry structures in their care.

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“…Reference to [51] has been made to define the uniaxial inelastic stress-strain relationships. The evolution of the degradation damage scalar variables and has been kept substantially proportional to the decay of the uniaxial stresses, as successfully experienced is several numerical campaigns [46,13,52].…”

Section: Numerical Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 3D detailed micro-model for the in-plane and out-of-plane numerical analysis of masonry panels

D’Altri

Castellazzi

Sarhosis

2018

Computers & Structures

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137

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ReuseThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND) licence. This licence only allows you to download this work and share it with others as long as you credit the authors, but you can't change the article in any way or use it commercially. More information and the full terms of the licence here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ TakedownIf you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing eprints@whiterose.ac.uk including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. ABSTRACTIn this paper, a 3D detailed micro-model for the in-plane and out-of-plane numerical analysis of masonry structures is proposed. Representative Elements consisting of one brick and few mortar layers are explicitly modelled using 3D solid finite elements obeying to plastic-damage constitutive laws (one for brick and one for mortar) conceived in the framework of nonassociated plasticity. This permits to represent the brick and mortar mechanical behaviour when cracking and/or crushing occur. Representative Elements are assembled, accounting for any actual 3D through-thickness arrangement of masonry, by means of zero-thickness cohesive interfaces based on the contact penalty method. In the pre-failure of interfaces, all the significant deformability of the system is addressed to the 3D finite elements. A Mohr-Coulomb failure surface with tension cut-off is adopted. The post-failure interfacial response is characterized by a cohesive behaviour in tension and a cohesive-frictional behaviour in shear, which appears consistent with small-scale tests outcomes. Experimental-numerical comparisons are provided for the in-plane and out-of-plane behaviour of masonry panels. The accuracy and the potentialities of the modelling approach are shown. The direct characterization of all the model parameters from small-scale tests, as well as their clear mechanical meaning constitute further appealing qualities of the model proposed.

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Seismic-induced damage in historical masonry vaults: A case-study in the 2012 Emilia earthquake-stricken area

Cited by 48 publications

References 39 publications

The effects of in-plane shear displacements at the springings of Gothic cross vaults

The effects of in-plane shear displacements at the springings of Gothic cross vaults

Stability analysis of leaning historic masonry structures

A 3D detailed micro-model for the in-plane and out-of-plane numerical analysis of masonry panels

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