Seismic moment tensors of acoustic emissions recorded during laboratory rock deformation experiments: sensitivity to attenuation and anisotropy

Stierle, Eva; Vavryčuk, Václav; Kwiatek, Grzegorz; Charalampidou, Elli-Maria Christodoulos; Bohnhoff, Marco

doi:10.1093/gji/ggw009

Cited by 39 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…2d), respectively. Zang et al (1998), Kwiatek et al (2014), and Stierle et al (2016) used acoustic emissions to further constrain the source of laboratory earthquakes in loaded rock specimen by means of the seismic moment tensor and b value. Acoustic sensors usually have high sampling rates (kHz) and work for accelerations up to several g. A thorough review of the large body of literature on acoustic emission as a seismological tool in laboratory earthquake studies is given by Lei and Ma (2014).…”

Section: Local Monitoring Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analogue earthquakes and seismic cycles: experimental modelling across timescales

2017

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Abstract. Earth deformation is a multi-scale process ranging from seconds (seismic deformation) to millions of years (tectonic deformation). Bridging short-and long-term deformation and developing seismotectonic models has been a challenge in experimental tectonics for more than a century. Since the formulation of Reid's elastic rebound theory 100 years ago, laboratory mechanical models combining frictional and elastic elements have been used to study the dynamics of earthquakes. In the last decade, with the advent of high-resolution monitoring techniques and new rock analogue materials, laboratory earthquake experiments have evolved from simple spring-slider models to scaled analogue models. This evolution was accomplished by advances in seismology and geodesy along with relatively frequent occurrences of large earthquakes in the past decade. This coincidence has significantly increased the quality and quantity of relevant observations in nature and triggered a new understanding of earthquake dynamics. We review here the developments in analogue earthquake modelling with a focus on those seismotectonic scale models that are directly comparable to observational data on short to long timescales. We lay out the basics of analogue modelling, namely scaling, materials and monitoring, as applied in seismotectonic modelling. An overview of applications highlights the contributions of analogue earthquake models in bridging timescales of observations including earthquake statistics, rupture dynamics, ground motion, and seismic-cycle deformation up to seismotectonic evolution.

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Section: Local Monitoring Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analogue earthquakes and seismic cycles: experimental modelling across timescales

2017

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Section: Local Monitoring Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analogue earthquakes and seismic cycles: Experimental modelling across timescales

Rosenau¹,

Corbi²,

Dominguez³

2016

Preprint

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Abstract. Since the formulation of Reid’s elastic rebound theory 100 years ago laboratory mechanical models combining frictional and elastic elements have joined the forefront of the research on the dynamics of earthquakes. In the last decade, with the advent of high resolution monitoring techniques and new rock analogue materials, laboratory earthquake experiments kept developing from simple spring-slider models to more sophisticated scaled analogue models. This evolution was accomplished by advances in seismology and geodesy which, along with a culmination of large earthquakes, have significantly increased the quality and quantity of relevant observations in nature. We here review the cornerstones of analogue earthquake model developments with a focus on scale models which are directly comparable to observational data on short to long timescales. We revisit the basics of analogue modelling, namely scaling, materials and monitoring, as applied in earthquake modelling. An overview of applications highlights the contributions of analogue earthquake models in bridging timescales of observations including earthquake statistics, rupture dynamics, ground motion and seismic cycle deformation up to seismotectonic evolution. We finally discuss limits, challenges and links to numerical models.

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“…In addition to the methods mentioned above, there are many studies using moment tensor to identify the type of rock failure [23][24][25][26][27]. Moment tensor is a matrix of nine force couples describing the state of stress at the source.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-Crack Mechanism in the Fracture Evolution of Saturated Granite and Enlightenment to the Precursors of Instability

Dong

Zhang

2020

Sensors

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To explore the potential precursors of rock instability, it is necessary to clarify the mechanism of micro-crack from fracturing to failure, which involves the evolution of fracture size, orientation, source model, and their relationships to the loading. The waveforms of acoustic emission (AE) recorded by the sensor network attached rock sample during laboratory tests provide a data basis for solving these problems, since these observations are directly related to the characteristics of the fracturing sources. Firstly, we investigated the source mechanism, looking at the rise angle and the average frequency (RA-AF) trends during five loading stages in a uniaxial compression test. Results show that the proportion of shear events significantly increases when approaching instability. Secondly, we calculated the moment tensor for each event, considering the uncertainties of P-wave polarity, azimuth, and the takeoff angles of the rays. Moment tensor solutions suggest that there are obviously more crack events than shear events in all loading stages. Moment tensor evolutions confirmed that the decreasing of isotropic component and the increment of double-couple can be used as precursors of rock fracturing development. Considering the limitations of these two methods, it is suggested that we should be concerned more about the proportions of individual failure components and their evolutions over time, instead of absolutely classifying the events into a certain source type.

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Seismic moment tensors of acoustic emissions recorded during laboratory rock deformation experiments: sensitivity to attenuation and anisotropy

Cited by 39 publications

References 37 publications

Analogue earthquakes and seismic cycles: experimental modelling across timescales

Analogue earthquakes and seismic cycles: experimental modelling across timescales

Analogue earthquakes and seismic cycles: Experimental modelling across timescales

Micro-Crack Mechanism in the Fracture Evolution of Saturated Granite and Enlightenment to the Precursors of Instability

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