Seismic pressures on rigid cantilever walls retaining elastic continuously non-homogeneous soil: An exact solution

Vrettos, Christos; Beskos, D.E.; Triantafyllidis, Theodoros

doi:10.1016/j.soildyn.2015.12.006

Cited by 31 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…First, shear stiffness of soil tends to increase with depth due to the influence of confining pressure and age. Solutions that consider inhomogeneous soil profiles with shear modulus increasing with depth show that the seismic earth pressure mobilized at the top of the wall tend to be lower than for uniform soil profiles (e.g., Vrettos et al 2016, Brandenberg et al 2017. Vertically homogeneous soil profiles were utilized herein because a closed-form solution to the governing ODE can be obtained, whereas closed-form solutions are highly complex when ky i is a function of depth (Franklin & Scott 1979, Fradelos 2016.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the retained soil is taken as an elastic soil layer resting on a rigid base, and the soil layer thickness is the same as the wall height (i.e., the "bathtub" configuration). Notable examples of this method are Wood (1973), Arias et al (1981), Veletsos and Younan (1994), Younan and Veletsos (2000), Ostadan (2005), Papazafeiropoulos and Psarropoulos (2010), Kloukinas et al (2012) and Vrettos et al (2016). These methods tend to produce seismic earth pressures that are higher than M-O pressures because: (1) the wall is usually assumed to be rigid, (2) the soil layer is excited at its first-mode frequency, producing significant depth-variations in ground motions, which in turn produce large relative wall-soil displacements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, earth pressures mobilized against cantilever walls tend to become more triangular as the walls become more flexible. Vrettos et al (2016) formulated essentially exact analytical solutions for the "bathtub" configuration, but with vertically inhomogeneous soil. Their solutions show that earth pressures tend to increase with depth, whereas elasto-dynamic solutions with uniform soil tend to predict that earth pressures are highest at the surface (a trend also confirmed by numerical analyses, Ostadan, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Wall Flexibility on Seismic Earth Pressures in Vertically Homogeneous Soil

Brandenberg

Stewart²,

Mylonakis³

2017

Geo-Risk 2017

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Solutions are formulated for seismic earth pressures acting on vertical flexible walls with the top and bottom constrained by discrete elastic stiffness elements (top constraint representing a structural constraint, bottom constraint representing foundation stiffness). Solutions are formulated using the Winkler assumption and correspond to shear waves propagating vertically through homogeneous soil. Earth pressures decrease as wall flexibility increases. Rotational and translation constraints at the top and bottom of the wall also contribute to mobilization of seismic earth pressures. Current standard-of-practice procedures are based on limit analysis methods that do not consider the influence of frequency, wall flexibility, structural constraints, or soilstructure interaction (SSI) in general. The proposed approach is more robust because wave propagation effects are considered and seismic earth pressures result from the product of relative wall-soil displacements and stiffness at the wall-soil interface.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Wall Flexibility on Seismic Earth Pressures in Vertically Homogeneous Soil

Brandenberg

Stewart²,

Mylonakis³

2017

Geo-Risk 2017

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“…Vrettos et al [25] utilized the form provided in Eq. 2, where G∞ is the modulus at an infinite depth (approached asymptotically as z → ∞), and η is a constant that controls the rate of change of G with depth.…”

Section: Vertical Variation Of Soil Shear Modulusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approximate solution for seismic earth pressures on rigid walls retaining inhomogeneous elastic soil

Brandenberg

Mylonakis

Stewart

2017

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering

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An approximate elasto-dynamic solution is developed for computing seismic earth pressures acting on rigid walls retaining continuously inhomogeneous elastic material and excited by vertically propagating shear waves. The shear modulus of the soil is represented as a nonlinear function of depth, in a manner that is consistent with established analytical and empirical relationships, while mass density and Poisson's ratio are assumed constant. Solutions are presented for a single wall and for a pair of walls spaced at a finite distance. A shape function characterizing the vertical variation of horizontal displacement of the soil column in the free-field is assigned, and simplifying assumptions regarding the dynamic vertical stresses and the vertical-to-horizontal displacement gradient are made to facilitate closed-form expressions for horizontal displacement and stress fields. These solutions are used to compute the distribution of dynamic horizontal earth pressure acting on the wall. A Winkler stiffness intensity relationship is then derived such that the proposed method can be extended beyond the boundary conditions considered herein. These solutions agree well with exact analytical elasto-dynamic solutions for inhomogeneous soil that are considerably more complicated to implement. Causes of differences between the solutions are discussed.

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“…The present paper belongs to the third category of methods to seismically analyze the cantilever retaining wall under consideration. An extensive list of papers for each one of the above three categories can be found in [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12], and the details need not be repeated herein.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Konsol Bir İstinat Duvarının Sismik Davranışı Üzerinde Dolgu Etkileşiminin Değerlendirilmesi Üzerine Parametrik Bir Çalışma

Çakir¹

2016

Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi

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Knowledge of the seismic behavior of cantilever retaining walls is an important component for their successful design in earthquake prone areas. In this study, a finite element procedure was used to investigate the effects of backfill soil properties variation on seismic response of a cantilever retaining wall. In this procedure, not only soil-structure interaction but also backfill-wall interaction was taken into consideration. Considering four different backfill soil conditions, the dynamic analyses of backfill-cantilever wall-soil/foundation system were carried out in time domain through ANSYS program. The magnitudes of lateral displacements and stresses were determined by performing non-linear time history analyses. As a result, based on the response amplification/reduction pattern observed on the lateral displacements and stresses, it is concluded that the dynamic behavior of cantilever walls is highly sensitive to the backfill characteristics.Keywords: Soil-structure interaction, Seismic response, Finite element method, Time history Konsol Bir İstinat Duvarının Sismik Davranışı Üzerinde Dolgu Etkileşiminin Değerlendirilmesi Üzerine Parametrik Bir Çalışma ÖzKonsol duvarların sismik davranışının bilinmesi, bu yapıların deprem bölgelerindeki başarılı tasarımını tesis etmek için önemli bir unsurdur. Bu çalışmada, konsol bir istinat duvarının sismik tepkisi üzerinde dolgu özellikleri değişiminin etkilerini incelemek için bir sonlu elemanlar yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu yöntemde zemin-yapı ve dolgu-duvar etkileşimleri dikkate alınmıştır. Dört farklı dolgu zemini koşulu dikkate alınarak, dolgu-konsol duvar-temel/zemin sisteminin dinamik analizleri zaman ortamında ANSYS programıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yerdeğiştirme ve gerilmeler doğrusal olmayan analizlerle belirlenmiş ve dinamik davranışın dolgu özelliklerine oldukça duyarlı olduğu ortaya konmuştur.

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Seismic pressures on rigid cantilever walls retaining elastic continuously non-homogeneous soil: An exact solution

Cited by 31 publications

References 33 publications

Influence of Wall Flexibility on Seismic Earth Pressures in Vertically Homogeneous Soil

Influence of Wall Flexibility on Seismic Earth Pressures in Vertically Homogeneous Soil

Approximate solution for seismic earth pressures on rigid walls retaining inhomogeneous elastic soil

Konsol Bir İstinat Duvarının Sismik Davranışı Üzerinde Dolgu Etkileşiminin Değerlendirilmesi Üzerine Parametrik Bir Çalışma

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