Seismic properties of a shallow magma reservoir in Kilauea Iki by active and passive experiments

Aki, Keiiti; Chouet, Bernard; Fehler, Michael; Zandt, G.; Koyanagi, Robert Y.; Colp, J.L.; Hay, Richard

doi:10.1029/jb083ib05p02273

Cited by 60 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Concurrently with these theoretical advances, AKI et al (1978) conducted a series of key field experiments at Kilauea Iki, Hawaii, in which they demonstrated that the use of multiple seismic methods is essential for a determination of a complex seismic structure such as found in a cooling, partially solidified basaltic lava lake (RICHTER and MOORE, 1966;RICHTER et al, 1970;HELZ, 1993;BARTH et al, 1994). In active and passive experiments conducted at Kilauea Iki, Aki and associates used a combination of P waves and surface waves from explosions detonated in the lake crust to determine the velocity structure of the lava lake, relied on teleseismic S waves transmitted through the residual lens of melt to further constrain the shear velocity structure, and obtained an estimate of the lateral dimensions of the still-molten magma lens from the spatial distribution of seismic events originating within the cooling crust.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Volcano Seismology

Chouet¹

2003

Pure appl. geophys.

266

178

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A fundamental goal of volcano seismology is to understand active magmatic systems, to characterize the configuration of such systems, and to determine the extent and evolution of source regions of magmatic energy. Such understanding is critical to our assessment of eruptive behavior and its hazardous impacts. With the emergence of portable broadband seismic instrumentation, availability of digital networks with wide dynamic range, and development of new powerful analysis techniques, rapid progress is being made toward a synthesis of high-quality seismic data to develop a coherent model of eruption mechanics. Examples of recent advances are: (1) high-resolution tomography to image subsurface volcanic structures at scales of a few hundred meters; (2) use of small-aperture seismic antennas to map the spatio-temporal properties of long-period (LP) seismicity; (3) moment tensor inversions of verylong-period (VLP) data to derive the source geometry and mass-transport budget of magmatic fluids; (4) spectral analyses of LP events to determine the acoustic properties of magmatic and associated hydrothermal fluids; and (5) experimental modeling of the source dynamics of volcanic tremor. These promising advances provide new insights into the mechanical properties of volcanic fluids and subvolcanic mass-transport dynamics. As new seismic methods refine our understanding of seismic sources, and geochemical methods better constrain mass balance and magma behavior, we face new challenges in elucidating the physico-chemical processes that cause volcanic unrest and its seismic and gas-discharge manifestations. Much work remains to be done toward a synthesis of seismological, geochemical, and petrological observations into an integrated model of volcanic behavior. Future important goals must include: (1) interpreting the key types of magma movement, degassing and boiling events that produce characteristic seismic phenomena; (2) characterizing multiphase fluids in subvolcanic regimes and determining their physical and chemical properties; and (3) quantitatively understanding multiphase fluid flow behavior under dynamic volcanic conditions. To realize these goals, not only must we learn how to translate seismic observations into quantitative information about fluid dynamics, but we also must determine the underlying physics that governs vesiculation, fragmentation, and the collapse of bubble-rich suspensions to form separate melt and vapor. Refined understanding of such processes-essential for quantitative short-term eruption forecasts-will require multidisciplinary research involving detailed field measurements, laboratory experiments, and numerical modeling.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Volcano Seismology

Chouet¹

2003

Pure appl. geophys.

266

178

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“…Which rheological model should we choose for the range of seismic frequencies in volcanic media? Are there any S waves in the magma as a partially crystallized body, or when do they appear (Aki et al 1978)? What is the effect of the anelastic rheology on the wave dispersion of low‐frequency earthquakes?…”

Section: Attenuation and Dispersion Of Seismic Waves In Volcanic Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling low-frequency volcanic earthquakes in a viscoelastic medium with topography

Jousset¹,

Neuberg²,

Jolly³

2004

Geophysical Journal International

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SUMMARY Magma properties are fundamental to explain the volcanic eruption style as well as the generation and propagation of seismic waves. This study focusses on magma properties and rheology and their impact on low‐frequency volcanic earthquakes. We investigate the effects of anelasticity and topography on the amplitudes and spectra of synthetic low‐frequency earthquakes. Using a 2‐D finite‐difference scheme, we model the propagation of seismic energy initiated in a fluid‐filled conduit embedded in a homogeneous viscoelastic medium with topography. We model intrinsic attenuation by linear viscoelastic theory and we show that volcanic media can be approximated by a standard linear solid (SLS) for seismic frequencies above 2 Hz. Results demonstrate that attenuation modifies both amplitudes and dispersive characteristics of low‐frequency earthquakes. Low frequency volcanic earthquakes are dispersive by nature; however, if attenuation is introduced, their dispersion characteristics will be altered. The topography modifies the amplitudes, depending on the position of the seismographs at the surface. This study shows that we need to take into account attenuation and topography to interpret correctly observed low‐frequency volcanic earthquakes. It also suggests that the rheological properties of magmas may be constrained by the analysis of low‐frequency seismograms.

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“…The detection and characterization of magma bodies in the crust and upper mantle has been a long-standing goal in seismology, and a topic of interest for Kei Aki throughout his career (e.g., AKI, 1968;AKI et al, 1978;ROBERTS, AKI, and FEHLER, 1991). Early studies of magma bodies were often based on the fortuitous observation of ''exotic'' phases within waveforms recorded in volcanic regions (PEPPIN, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic Detection and Characterization of the Altiplano-Puna Magma Body, Central Andes

Zandt¹,

Leidig²,

Chmielowski³

et al. 2003

Pure appl. geophys.

170

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The Altiplano-Puna Volcanic Complex (APVC) in the central Andes is the product of an ignimbrite ''flare-up'' of world class proportions (DE SILVA, 1989). The region has been the site of large-scale silicic magmatism since 10 Ma, producing 10 major eruptive calderas and edifices, some of which are multipleeruption resurgent complexes as large as the Yellowstone or Long Valley caldera. Seven PASSCAL broadband seismic stations were operated in the Bolivian portion of the APVC from October 1996 to September 1997 and recorded teleseismic earthquakes and local intermediate-depth events in the subducting Nazca plate. Both teleseismic and local receiver functions were used to delineate the lateral extent of a regionally pervasive 20-km-deep, very low-velocity layer (VLVL) associated with the APVC. Data from several stations that sample different parts of the northern APVC show large amplitude Ps phases from a lowvelocity layer with Vs £ 1.0 km/s and a thickness of 1 km. We believe the crustal VLVL is a regional sill-like magma body, named the Altiplano-Puna magma body (APMB), and is associated with the source region of the Altiplano-Puna Volcanic Complex ignimbrites (CHMIELOWSKI et al., 1999).Large-amplitude P-SH conversions in both the teleseismic and local data appear to originate from the top of the APMB. Using the programs of LEVIN and PARK (1998), we computed synthetic receiver functions for several models of simple layered anisotropic media. Upper-crustal, tilted-axis anisotropy involving both Vp and Vs can generate a ''split Ps'' phase that, in addition to the Ps phase from the bottom of a thin isotropic VLVL, produces an interference waveform that varies with backazimuth. We have forward modeled such an interference pattern at one station with an anisotropy of 15%-20% that dips 45°within a 20-km-thick upper crust. We develop a hypothesis that the crust above the ''magma body'' is characterized by a strong, tiltedaxis, hexagonally symmetric anisotropy. We speculate that the anisotropy is due to aligned, fluid-filled cracks induced by a ''normal-faulting'' extensional strain field associated with the high elevations of the Andean Puna.

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Seismic properties of a shallow magma reservoir in Kilauea Iki by active and passive experiments

Cited by 60 publications

References 12 publications

Volcano Seismology

Volcano Seismology

Modelling low-frequency volcanic earthquakes in a viscoelastic medium with topography

Seismic Detection and Characterization of the Altiplano-Puna Magma Body, Central Andes

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