Seismic Risk Evaluation of Community Mosques in Southern Malang to Assess Their Suitability to Support Disaster Response

Abstract

In Indonesian culture, mosques are mostly built by local communities. Through time, these local communities develop a sense of belonging to the mosques they built. Mosques then become more than a place of worship. During hard times such as disasters, these mosques often become a place to seek help and protection. However, many times in disasters such as an earthquake, which occur rapidly and unpredictably, these mosques were unable to carry out their sociocultural functions because of their own severe damage following the disaster. Therefore, this paper discusses the results of a seismic risk evaluation of 100 community mosques in the southern area of Malang Raya, one of the earthquakeprone areas along the southern coast of Java. The evaluation focussed on structural, architectural, and spatial aspects of the mosques based on field observation and visual documentation such as photographs and as-built drawings. One of the findings of this study is that the majority of the mosque buildings are gravity-only structures and unlikely to be earthquake-resistant. On the other hand, some architectural and spatial aspects of the mosques show some thoughtful considerations for their roles as places for the evacuation process and disaster support during emergency situations.

Mosque as Emergency Shelter in Natural Disaster: Responses and Challenges

“…The mosque's assistance is targeted at Muslims only but is open to all adherents of the affected religions. Second, the formulation of the readiness of mosques in disaster-prone areas, including exterior and interior designs (Hadi & Hadiguna, Mosque as Emergency Shelter in Natural Disaster 2016; Putrie et al, 2021). Third, the evaluation of the role of mosques as shelters (Asif et al, 2016;Utaberta & Asif, 2017).…”