Seismicity in sheared granular matter

Zadeh, Aghil Abed; Barés, Jonathan; Socolar, Joshua E. S.; Behringer, Robert

doi:10.1103/physreve.99.052902

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Among the reported experimental studies designed to characterize the avalanche statistics in deformed granular solids (Abed Zadeh et al, 2019; Barés et al, 2017; Denisov et al, 2016; Kumar et al, 2020; Lherminier et al, 2019; Murphy et al, 2019), the avalanche size exponent was found ranging from 1.2 to 1.7, showing a considerable scatter. The cutoff value of avalanche size also shows a clear stress dependency (Denisov et al, 2016; Friedman et al, 2012; Gao et al, 2018; Rivière et al, 2018) and particle shape dependency (Murphy et al, 2019) and is dependent on the particle friction and packing fraction (Barés et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size Polydispersity Tunes Slip Avalanches of Granular Gouge

Zou

Gao

et al. 2020

Geophysical Research Letters

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Granular materials have frequently been used as representations of natural fault gouges. Although they can reproduce proper avalanche behaviors, the universality of the scaling exponent of avalanche size remains debatable. As a core issue in both amorphous plasticity and geophysics, avalanche universality may help reconcile the avalanche behaviors of earthquake and granular materials into the same universality class. We examine numerically the signatures of stress avalanches emerging from quasi-static shear of granular materials with different size polydispersity. A persistent serrated plastic flow phenomenon is observed in our models with varying polydispersity. The stress drop is well defined by a truncated power law distribution P(s)~s −τ exp(−s/s max). The exponent τ and cutoff stress drop s max show a clear dependence on polydispersity, which reflects a tuned criticality. We further calculate the effective temperature from the statistics of energy fluctuations. The effective temperature volatility can be used to explain the tuned critical behaviors of granular gouge. Plain Language Summary Granular materials are ubiquitous in nature and important to a wide range of industrial processes. When driven at slow rates, granular materials deform via intermittent dynamics which alternates slow elastic loading with rapid slips. Such serrated behaviors have attracted attentions from researchers in material science, process engineering and powder technology. They have aroused great interest for geoscientists since key clues may be offered for the origin of earthquake physics. The avalanche-like slip events of granular materials reveal a strong statistical similarity with earthquakes, having made granular materials widely adopted as an ideal laboratory model material for the study of earthquake physics. Different granular systems subjected to different loading conditions present similar scaling laws, such as the power law distributions of event size. However, the scaling exponents describing avalanche distributions vary greatly in range, posing challenges to the existence of universal scaling across diverse granular systems. In this study, we examined granular systems with varying size polydispersity from monosized spheres to highly polydisperse packings and found the signature of tunable avalanche statistics. We further use size polydispersity as a control parameter to generate continuously adjustable avalanche statistics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size Polydispersity Tunes Slip Avalanches of Granular Gouge

Zou

Gao

et al. 2020

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…As such, it may be directly applied in other fields such as nanofluidics or nanomagnetism where crackling and random large-scale events are to be limited. More generally, we believe these results can be somehow extended to other crackling systems such as sheared granular matter [11,27,30,31], damage [6,7], neural activity [32,33], human conflicts [34,35], or seismicity [36,37] to name a few.…”

Section: Concluding Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Then, the temporal avalanche shape was examined. This observable provides an important characterization of crackling signals [4,26,27]. This shape is obtained by (i) identifying all avalanches with durations D i falling into a prescribed in- terval and then (ii) by averaging the shape v i (t )/v i max vs t/D i over all the collected avalanches.…”

Section: Role Of the Triggering Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling crackling dynamics by triggering low-intensity avalanches

Barés

Bonamy²

2021

Phys. Rev. E

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We examine the effect of small, spatially localized excitations applied periodically in different manners, on the crackling dynamics of a brittle crack driven slowly in a heterogeneous solid. When properly adjusted, these excitations are observed to radically modify avalanche statistics and considerably limit the magnitude of the largest events. Surprisingly, this does not require information on the front loading state at the time of excitation; applying it either at a random location or at the most loaded point gives the same results. Subsequently, we unravel how the excitation amplitude, spatial extent, and frequency govern the effect. We find that the excitation efficiency is ruled by a single reduced parameter, namely the injected power per unit front length; the suppression of extreme avalanches is maximum at a well-defined optimal value of this control parameter. analysis opens another way to control the largest events in crackling dynamics. Beyond fracture problems, it may be relevant for crackling systems described by models of the same universality class, such as the wetting of heterogeneous substrates or magnetic walls in amorphous magnets.

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“…Many mechanical systems other than crustal faults exhibit crackling noise when plastically deformed (10,11,15,27,(44)(45)(46). In particular, the statistical properties of deformation or mechanical stress fluctuations follow power laws which reveal the absence of any particular scale in the system at least in an extended inertial (scale) range.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Power-law distributions of slip sizes or relaxed energies have been evidenced experimentally in various systems, such as the stationary propagation of a fracture front in a heterogeneous material (10), compression of heterogeneous materials (11,12), or systems involving frictional sliding on or within a granular media (13,14). The common basic ingredients underlying the dynamics of those different systems are the existence of material disorder and the decomposition of the dynamics in elementary events localized both in space and time, coupled together by elasticity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Micro-slips inside a granular shear band as nano-earthquakes

Houdoux,

Amon,

Marsan

et al. 2020

Preprint

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We study experimentally the fluctuations of deformation along a shear fault naturally emerging within a compressed frictional granular medium. Using laser interferometry, we show that the deformation inside this granular gouge occurs as a succession of localized micro-slips distributed along the fault. The associated distributions of released seismic moments, the memory effects in strain fluctuations, as well as the time correlations between successive events, follow exactly the empirical laws of natural earthquakes. Using a methodology initially developed in seismology and social science, we reveal, for the first time at the laboratory scale, the underlying causal structure. This demonstrates that the spatio-temporal correlations of the slip dynamics effectively emerge from more fundamental triggering kernels. This formal analogy between natural faults and our experimentally controllable granular shear band opens the way towards a better understanding of earthquake physics. In particular, comparing experiments performed under different imposed deformation rates, we show that strain, not time, is the right parameter controlling the memory effects in the dynamics of our fault analog. This raises the fundamental question of the relative roles of straindependent structural rearrangements within the fault gouge vs that of truly time-dependent, thermally activated processes, in the emergence of spatio-temporal correlations of natural seismicity.

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Seismicity in sheared granular matter

Cited by 17 publications

References 43 publications

Size Polydispersity Tunes Slip Avalanches of Granular Gouge

Size Polydispersity Tunes Slip Avalanches of Granular Gouge

Controlling crackling dynamics by triggering low-intensity avalanches

Micro-slips inside a granular shear band as nano-earthquakes

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