Seismogenic Anomalies in Atmospheric Gravity Waves as Observed from SABER/TIMED Satellite during Large Earthquakes

Abstract

Atmospheric disturbances caused by seismic activity are a complex phenomenon. The Lithosphere–Atmosphere–Ionosphere Coupling (LAIC) (LAIC) mechanism gives a detailed idea to understand these processes to study the possible impacts of a forthcoming earthquake. The atmospheric gravity wave (AGW) is one of the most accurate parameters for explaining such LAIC process, where seismogenic disturbances can be explained in terms of atmospheric waves caused by temperature changes. The key goal of this work is to study the perturbation in the potential energy associated with stratospheric AGW prior to many large earthquakes. We select seven large earthquakes having Richter scale magnitudes greater than seven ( M > 7.0 ) in Japan (Tohoku and Kumamoto), Mexico (Chiapas), Nepal, and the Indian Ocean region, to study the intensification of AGW using the atmospheric temperature profile as recorded from the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) satellite. We observe a significant enhancement in the potential energy of the AGW ranging from 2 to 22 days prior to different earthquakes. We examine the conditions of geomagnetic disturbances, typhoons, and thunderstorms during our study and eliminate the possible contamination due to these events.

Statistical Study of Global Lightning Activity and Thunderstorm‐Induced Gravity Waves in the Ionosphere Using WWLLN and GNSS‐TEC

“…Besides, geomagnetic storms and earthquakes are also vital in generating atmospheric GWs. Previously, many authors detected the intensification of atmospheric GW, 1 week before the large earthquakes using fast Fourier transform (FFT) and wavelet analysis of GNSS‐TEC data, space‐based instruments SABER/TIMED satellite data, and ERA5 model reanalysis data (Kundu et al., 2022; Row, 1967; Sasmal et al., 2021; Srivastava et al., 2021; Yang et al., 2019). Atmospheric GWs are generally thought to be generated by tropospheric overshoot and/or from latent heating associated with rainfall within the thunderstorm.…”

Multi-Parameter Observations of Seismogenic Phenomena Related to the Tokyo Earthquake (M = 5.9) on 7 October 2021

“…Nearly all AGW activities observed in this paper are found to be attributed to active meteorological disturbances. Although we have already found clear signatures of these AGW stratospheric activities for the great EQs such as the 2011 Tohoku EQ [24] and the 2016 Kumamoto EQ [23], Kundu et al [81] have supplied additional evidence of seismogenic AGW activity for huge EQs.…”

An earthquake precursor mobile network

“…As this current is associated with the displacement of charges, it releases heat (changing the orientation of the dipoles causes heat release) (Vepkhvadze, 1995), so the temperature in this area will increase, which is also confirmed by the experiment (Tramutoli, et al, 2005;Pulinets, et al, 2006;Saradjian, et al, 2011;Kundu et al, 2022).…”