Seismoionospheric anomalies associated with earthquakes from the analysis of the ionosonde data

Ahmed, Junaid; Shah, Munawar; Zafar, Waqar Ali; Amin, Muhammad Ayaz; Iqbal, Talat

doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2018.10.004

Cited by 29 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The TEC anomalies occurred for the first time about a month before the two earthquakes. The disturbances being detected such early are consistent with past studies (Ahmed et al., 2018; De Santis et al., 2017), and the disturbances may have occurred much earlier (Akhoondzadeh et al., 2018; Marchetti & Akhoondzadeh, 2018). The last occurrences of TEC anomalies precede that of electron density anomalies, and the occurrence time of TEC anomalies and electron density anomalies is inconsistent.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Meanwhile, one TEC anomaly and one electron density anomaly fall outside the range of seismic thermal anomalies for Mw = 7.0 earthquake (Figure 9a). Data from only one GNSS station are available for detecting the anomalies of the Mw = 7.0 earthquake, and this may lead to the result that local deviations in the ionosphere caused by meteorological activities are observed (Ahmed et al., 2018; Rishbeth, 2006; Rishbeth et al., 2009). This local deviation is also reflected at the stations used to observe the Mw = 7.4 earthquake.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…performed a detailed statistical analysis of Total Electron Content (TEC) anomalies before and after 1182 (Mw > 5.0) earthquakes during 1998–2019 based on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations (Shah, Ahmed, et al., 2020). The peak plasma frequency of ionosonde data was applied to three earthquakes in Pakistan and Nepal by Ahmed et al., to determine the duration of ionospheric anomalies (Ahmed et al., 2018). In addition, Parrot studied ion density data over the epicenters during nighttime from low altitude satellite DEMETER (Parrot, 2011), and proved the feasibility of detecting disturbances in the ionosphere through satellites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Potential Precursory Pattern at Earth Surface and the Above Atmosphere and Ionosphere Preceding Two Mw ≥ 7 Earthquakes in Mexico in 2020–2021

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2022

Earth and Space Science

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Comprehensive analyses of seismic precursory characteristics may provide evidence for the possible mechanisms of lithosphere‐atmosphere‐ionosphere coupling (LAIC). The integrated monitoring data from space and ground measurements makes it possible to reveal the potential earthquake precursory pattern obeying LAIC. In this paper, we study seismic precursors from air temperature data of the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) based Total Electron Content (TEC) and electron density retrieved from Swarm satellite (Alpha) data in two Mw ≥ $\ge $ 7.0 earthquakes in Mexico in 2020–2021. We find seismic thermal anomalies can be identified from temperature variation in the lithosphere and atmosphere by improved tidal force fluctuant analysis (TFFA). The spatial‐temporal evolution of seismic thermal anomalies is significantly different from that of non‐seismic thermal anomalies. In addition, synergistic observations of the Swarm Alpha satellite and GNSS stations can provide more comprehensive information about perturbations in the ionosphere. The results show that anomalies originate along fault lineaments near the epicenter, leading to air pressure gradient and ionization process in the atmosphere, followed by ionospheric perturbations. Furthermore, composite anomalies of LAIC first appear around a month before earthquakes and tend to recur several times over earthquake preparation phases. Our study provides more evidence for understanding the characteristics of earthquake precursors.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Analysis of Potential Precursory Pattern at Earth Surface and the Above Atmosphere and Ionosphere Preceding Two Mw ≥ 7 Earthquakes in Mexico in 2020–2021

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2022

Earth and Space Science

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“…Furthermore, these abnormalities in TEC within 5-10 days before the main shock the Sumatra EQ also endorse the previous reports on ionospheric perturbation from different other satellites within the same time window. Additionally, EQ-induced anomalies were found in different reports on the basis of radon gas and p-hole hypotheses (Shah and Jin, 2015;Liu et al, 2017;Ahmed et al, 2018;Arslan et al, 2019;Shah et al, 2020a;Shah et al, 2020b;Timocin et al, 2020;Shah et al, 2021a;Shah et al, 2021b;Jose et al, 2022a;Jose et al, 2022;Shah et al, 2022).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 98%

Possible seismo-ionospheric anomalies associated with the 2016 Mw 6.5 Indonesia earthquake from GPS TEC and Swarm satellites

Khan

Ghaffar

Shah

et al. 2022

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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Ionospheric anomalies through satellites can provide useful information about forthcoming earthquakes (EQs) over the epicentral regions. In this paper, we investigated seismo-ionospheric anomalies associated with the Mw 6.5 Sumatra earthquake that occurred in Indonesia on 06 December 2016 at 22:03 UT. We analyzed the total electron content (TEC) from Global Positioning System (GPS) signals received at the nearby stations around the epicenter. Furthermore, we also studied the TEC in local daytime and nighttime from Swarm satellites to confirm the EQ-induced ionospheric perturbations. The TEC showed significant perturbation within 5–10 days before the main shock in the form of positive anomalies beyond the upper bound. Similarly, Swarm satellites also validated the anomalies observed in the GPS TEC from nearby operating stations within 5–10 days over the epicentral region. The geomagnetic indices were quiet for the observed TEC anomalies within 5–10 days before the main shock, having Dst ≤ −40 nt and Kp ≤ 3. This study reveals the legitimate anomalies mainly associated with the EQ and suggests using the TEC from GPS and other satellites to look for possible future precursors with a more equipped satellite cluster.

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“…A lot has been reported on seismo-ionospheric and geomagnetic responses before, during and after earthquake from seismic LAIC anomalies (Parrot 1995;Hayakawa and Molchanov 2002;Pulinets and Boyarchuk 2004;Ibanga et al 2017). There are various methods to study seismo-ionospheric anomalies notably among them are the statistical seismo-ionospheric analysis (Fujiwara et al 2004;Liu et al 2006;Shah and Jin 2015;Junaid et al 2018), case-study analysis (Oyama et al 2008), and physical model analysis, which explain ionospheric anomalies (Namgaladze et al 2009;Kuo et al 2011). However, the statistical approach really proves that there is a sure link between the EQ and associated anomalies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron temperature and ion density perturbations prior to the M6.8 Eastern Honshu, Japan earthquake of July 23, 2008

et al. 2021

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The Detection of Electromagnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions (DEMETER) microsatellite-monitored data (IAP and ISL) were employed in investigating pre-(30 days) and post-(10 days) perturbations in ionospheric parameters associated with the M6.8 Eastern Honshu (Japan) earthquake (EQ) of July 23, 2008. The results constrained by synchronously monitoring geomagnetic indices data: Kernnifzer digit and disturbance storm time (Dst), revealed strong seismic event-induced disturbances three weeks to 5 days before the seismic event. The geomagnetic indices data were used in Bltering normal geomagnetic disturbances from the seismic counterparts, thereby constraining the interpretations. The total ion density measured in per cubic centimeter (cm À3 ) recorded variations of 7. 90, 4.51, and 5.92 on days-20, -19, and -16, respectively, from the earthquake day during the night time half orbit observations. Contemporaneously, perturbations of 8.81 were observed for electron temperature measured in Kelvin (K) Bve days afore the earthquake. The geomagnetically quiet state of the ionosphere during the pre-seismic days suggests that the observed disturbances are seismogenic. More researches should be encouraged in this area to deepen their applications in earthquake monitoring and prediction.

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Seismoionospheric anomalies associated with earthquakes from the analysis of the ionosonde data

Cited by 29 publications

References 22 publications

Analysis of Potential Precursory Pattern at Earth Surface and the Above Atmosphere and Ionosphere Preceding Two Mw ≥ 7 Earthquakes in Mexico in 2020–2021

Analysis of Potential Precursory Pattern at Earth Surface and the Above Atmosphere and Ionosphere Preceding Two Mw ≥ 7 Earthquakes in Mexico in 2020–2021

Possible seismo-ionospheric anomalies associated with the 2016 Mw 6.5 Indonesia earthquake from GPS TEC and Swarm satellites

Electron temperature and ion density perturbations prior to the M6.8 Eastern Honshu, Japan earthquake of July 23, 2008

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