Pharmaceutical residues in the environment are of great
concern
as ubiquitous emerging contaminants. This study investigated the presence
of 40 pharmaceuticals in water and sediment of the Pearl River Estuary
(PRE) in the wet season of 2020. Among psychiatric drugs, only diazepam
was found in water samples while six of them were detected in the
sediment. The Σantibiotics levels ranged from 6.18 to 35.9 ng/L
and 2.63 to 140 ng/g dry weight in water and sediment samples, respectively.
Fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines were found well settling in the
outlet sediment, while sulfonamides could be released from disturbed
sediment under stronger tidal wash-out conditions. After entering
the marine waters, pharmaceuticals tended to deposit at the PRE mouth
by the influence of the plume bulge and onshore invasion of deep shelf
waters. Low ecological risks to the aquatic organisms and of causing
antimicrobial resistance were identified. Likewise, hydrological modeling
results revealed insignificant risks: erythromycin-H
2
O
and sulfamethoxazole discharged through the outlets constituted 30.8%
and 6.74% of their environmental capacity, respectively. Source apportionment
revealed that pharmaceutical discharges through the Humen and Yamen
outlets were predominantly of animal origin. Overall, our findings
provide strategic insights on environmental regulations to further
minimize the environmental stress of pharmaceuticals in the PRE.