Selected elements in fly agaric Amanita muscaria

Abstract

Concentrations of Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Cs, Fe, Ga, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Pb, Rb, Se, Sb, Sr, V, Tl and Zn have been determined in the whole fruiting bodies, as well as separately in caps and stalks, of fly agaric collected from three geographically distant sites in northern part of Poland. The elements were determined using ICP-MS, ICP-OES, HG-AAS and CV-AAS, respectively. For elements such as Al, Ba, Cr, Fe, Ga, Mo, Mn, Pb, Sb, Sr, Tl, and V concentrations were similar in the caps and stalks, respectively, and for K, Zn, Ag, Ca, Cd, Cu, Hg, Mg, Rb and Se were greater in the caps, while for Co, Cs and Na in the stalks. For Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, Ga, Hg, Mn, Mo, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sr, Tl and V concentration in the caps showed spatial variations (P<0.05), while for Cu, K, Mg, Na, Se and Zn was independent of the site. The elements such as K with median or mean in the caps between 37,000 and 43,000 microg/g.dm and Mg with 920 and 1,100 microg/g dm were most abundant. Next, within median values range from approximately 100 to 500 microg/g dm were such as Ca, Fe and Al, and in descending order they followed by Rb (100-400 microg/g dm); V, Na, Zn (50-200 microg/g dm); Cu, Mn (10-50 microg/g dm); Cd (10-20 microg/g dm); Se (5 microg/g dm); Ba (<1-3); Cr, Ag, Pb, Sr (<1-2 microg/g dm); Cs, Co, Hg (<1-1 microg/g dm); Ga (<0.5), Sb, Mo and Tl (<0.1 microg/g dm).

Evaluation of the mercury contamination in mushrooms of genus Leccinum from two different regions of the world: Accumulation, distribution and probable dietary intake

“…(Falandysz et al, 2007e), B (Falandysz et al, 2007f), C , D (Falandysz and Drewnowska, 2015), E (Drewnowska et al, 2014), F , G (Falandysz et al, 2007a), H (Falandysz et al, 2008a), I (Falandysz, 2014), J , K , L (Falandysz and Bielawski, 2007), M (Falandysz et al, 2007d), N (Falandysz et al, 2007b), O (Falandysz et al, 2008b), P (Falandysz and Brzostowski, 2007), Q (Falandysz et al, 2007c) 0.30 mg kg −1 dm). These values are, on the average, an order of magnitude greater than has been determined in brown soil and podzols sampled in Poland, for which median values of Hg at seven locations range from 0.018 to 0.060 mg kg − 1 dm (total range from 0.0060 to 0.084 mg kg −1 dm) (Table 1).…”

Mercury and its bioconcentration factors in King Bolete (Boletus edulis) Bull. Fr.

“…[7][8][9][10][11][12] In this article are reported data on the total mercury content of the carpophores of King Bolete (Boletus edulis) and underlying to the mushrooms the topsoil (0-10 cm) layer, and bioconcentration factors (BCFs) for this element from geographically distant sites across Poland. King Bolete is wild-grown highly valued mushroom, and its carpophores-fresh, dried or pickled are sold commercially.…”

Mineral Constituents of Edible Field Parasol (Macrolepiota procera) Mushrooms and the Underlying Substrate from Upland Regions of Poland: Bioconcentration Potential, Intake Benefits, and Toxicological Risk

“…For instance, the reported mean BCF (the ratio of the content of the element in the cap or stipe to its content in the soil) for the caps of M. procera varied from 16±6 to 220±110 (range 0.52 to 470) and that for B. edulis varied from 41±6 to 130±39 (range 13 and 170) [13,30,[32][33][34].…”

“…• Boletus spp., or the bay bolete (Imleria badia) • Yellow-cracked bolete (Boletus subtomentosus) and golden bolete (Xerocomellus chrysenteron); Boletus spp., and in majority the king bolete (Boletus edulis) • Common chanterelle (Cantharellus cibarius) [10] Mushrooms, especially wild grown mushrooms and the edible species in particular, have been reported to be rich in mineral constituents as well as in some toxic metals [11][12][13][14][15][16]. As such, mushroom studies have shown that some mushroom species are rich sources of essential trace elements.…”