Selected Emerging Infectious Diseases of Ornamental Fish

McDermott, Colin T.; Palmeiro, B.

doi:10.1016/j.cvex.2013.01.006

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Fish infected with CyHV-3 using these various routes, and kept at permissive temperature, die between 5 and 22 dpi with a peak of mortality between 8 and 12 dpi (Fournier et al, 2012;Hedrick et al, 2000;Perelberg et al, 2003;Rakus, Wiegertjes, Adamek, et al, 2009). Furthermore, CyHV-3-infected fish are more susceptible to secondary infections by bacterial, parasitic, or fungal pathogens, which may contribute to the mortalities observed in the infected population (McDermott & Palmeiro, 2013).…”

Section: Clinical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first clinical signs usually appear 2-3 dpi, while the first mortalities are frequently delayed to 6-8 dpi (McDermott & Palmeiro, 2013). The course of infection and the clinical signs observed are variable between individual fish, even after simultaneous and controlled experimental CyHV-3 inoculation.…”

Section: Clinical Signsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The course of infection and the clinical signs observed are variable between individual fish, even after simultaneous and controlled experimental CyHV-3 inoculation. Fish can express the following clinical signs: folding of the dorsal fin; increased respiratory frequency; gathering near well-aerated areas; skin changes including gradual hyperemia at the base of fins, increased (sometimes decreased) mucus secretion, hemorrhages and ulcers on the skin, sloughing of scales and fin erosion, sandpaper-like texture of the skin, and skin herpetic lesions; gasping at the water surface; lethargy (lying at the bottom of the tank, hanging in head-down position in the water column) associated with anorexia; sunken eyes; and neurological symptoms with erratic swimming and loss of equilibrium (Hedrick et al, 2000;McDermott & Palmeiro, 2013;Rakus et al, 2013;Walster, 1999). None of these clinical signs are pathognomonic of KHVD.…”

Section: Clinical Signsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6a. Other inconsistent necropsy changes include enlarging, darkening, and/or mottling of some internal organs associated with petechial hemorrhages, accumulation of abdominal fluid, and abdominal adhesions (Bretzinger et al, 1999;Hedrick et al, 2000;McDermott & Palmeiro, 2013;Walster, 1999). None of the lesions listed above are pathognomonic of KHVD.…”

Section: Anatomopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cyprinid Herpesvirus 3

Boutier

Ronsmans

Rakus

et al. 2015

Advances in Virus Research

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Section: Clinical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Signsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Signsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anatomopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cyprinid Herpesvirus 3

Boutier

Ronsmans

Rakus

et al. 2015

Advances in Virus Research

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“…Viruses from this genus cause clinical problems and have been isolated in both food fish and ornamental fish aquaculture. In general, infected fish showed anorexia and abnormal swimming (He, Zeng, Weng, & Chan, 2002;McDermott & Palmeiro, 2013). Gross changes included petechial haemorrhages, pale coloration and swelling of kidney and spleen.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

First description of a natural infection with spleen and kidney necrosis virus in zebrafish

Bermúdez

Losada

Azevedo

et al. 2018

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Zebrafish has become a popular research model in the last years, and several diseases affecting zebrafish research facilities have been reported. However, only one case of naturally occurring viral infections was described for this species. In 2015, infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) was detected in zebrafish from a research facility in Spain. Affected fish showed lethargy, loss of appetite, abnormal swimming, distention of the coelomic cavity and, in the most severe cases, respiratory distress, pale gills and petechial haemorrhages at the base of fins. Cytomegaly was the most relevant histopathological finding in organs and tissues, sometimes associated to degenerative and necrotic changes. ISKNV belongs to the relatively newly defined genus Megalocytivirus, family Iridoviridae, comprising large, icosahedral cytoplasmic DNA viruses. This is the first case of naturally occurring Megalocytivirus infection in zebrafish research facilities, associated with morbidity. The virus has been identified based on both pathologic and genetic evidence, to better understand the pathogenesis of the infection in zebrafish and the phylogenetic relationship with other iridoviruses. Given the ability of megalocytiviruses to cross-species boundaries, it seems necessary to implement stringent biosecurity practices as these infections may invalidate experimental data and have major impact on laboratory and cultured fish.

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Detection of a new strain of lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) in captive-bred clownfish Amphiprion percula in South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Lam

Khairunissa²,

Damayanti³

et al. 2020

Aquacult Int

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Breeding of ornamental marine fishes was initiated in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, to protect reef ecosystems from destructive fishing and to supplement income of local communities. However, stress associated with captive breeding conditions could enhance vulnerability of fish to disease. Wild-and captive-bred clownfish Amphiprion percula showed clinical signs such as white spots and warts typically associated with lymphocystis disease. Sequencing a portion of the DNA polymerase gene confirmed the identity of a lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) in clownfish tissues that closely resembled LCDV from paradisefish; however, both strains were only 90% similar at the nucleotide level. Phylogenetic analysis suggests the LCDV is a new strain representing the first sequence of LCDV in A. percula. To determine the virus presence in clownfish and other ornamental marine species (OMS) in the hatchery, we developed conventional PCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays that were comparatively sensitive at detecting the new LCDV strain. Among the PCR-tested clownfish, 19.4% (n = 14/72) were positive for the LCDV DNA that were either symptomatic or apparently healthy. Other OMS (n = 29) bred in the hatchery including seahorse Hippocampus spp., mandarin fish Synchiropus spp., and pajama cardinal fish Sphaeremia nepatoptera were negative by the LCDV PCR. The PCR and LAMP assays developed in this study will facilitate disease management by early detection of the LCDV and removal of potential reservoirs of the virus.

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Selected Emerging Infectious Diseases of Ornamental Fish

Cited by 20 publications

References 57 publications

Cyprinid Herpesvirus 3

Cyprinid Herpesvirus 3

First description of a natural infection with spleen and kidney necrosis virus in zebrafish

Detection of a new strain of lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) in captive-bred clownfish Amphiprion percula in South Sulawesi, Indonesia

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