Selected Enzyme Inhibitory Effects of Euphorbia characias Extracts

Abstract

Extracts of aerial part of Euphorbia characias were examined to check potential inhibitors for three selected enzymes involved in several metabolic disorders. Water and ethanol extracts from leaves and flowers showed in vitro inhibitory activity toward α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and xanthine oxidase. IC50 values were calculated for all the extracts and the ethanolic extracts were found to exert the best effect. In particular, for the α-glucosidase activity, the extracts resulted to be 100-fold more active than the standard inhibitor. The inhibition mode was investigated by Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis. E. characias extracts display different inhibition behaviors toward the three enzymes acting as uncompetitive, noncompetitive, and mixed-type inhibitors. Moreover, ethanolic extracts of E. characias showed no cytotoxic activity and exhibited antioxidant capacity in a cellular model. The LC-DAD metabolic profile was also performed and it showed that leaves and flowers extracts contain high levels of quercetin derivatives. The results suggest that E. characias could be a promising source of natural inhibitors of the enzymes involved in carbohydrate uptake disorders and oxidative stress.

Assessment of antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of Triadica cochinchinensis stem bark

“…Based on our results, the extract of T. cochinchinensis stem bark was weakly active in inhibiting XO activity as compared to allopurinol (p<0.05) (Figure 3). Previous studies have reported a similar trend of XO inhibition by Euphorbiaceae plants, such as Euphorbia characias, E. formosana, and E. hirta (Fais et al, 2018;Chen et al, 2009;Bangou et al, 2011). Nonetheless, the ethyl acetate and methanol fractions of this plant exhibited a promising XO inhibitory activity with inhibitions of 80.5% in FEa and 67.8% in FMe, respectively at a dose of 100 μg/mL.…”

Anti-Aging Potential of Extracts from Washingtonia filifera Seeds

“…The cellular ROS levels were determined with the DCFH-DA method [ 25 ]. HaCaT cells were treated with various concentrations of MEG (0–50 µg/mL) for 24 h. Then, the cells were incubated with DCFH-DA (10 µM) at 37 °C for 30 min.…”

Phytochemical composition and the cholinesterase and xanthine oxidase inhibitory properties of seed extracts from theWashingtonia filiferapalm fruit

“…XO activity was measured according to the method previously reported. 5 The reaction mixture contained 879 mL of 100 mM phosphate buffer pH 7.5, 50 mL of an aqueous solution of XO (0.5 U mL À1 ) and 10 mL of the extract sample solution or the control sample solution. Aer mixing, 61 mL of 0.82 mM xanthine solution was added, and the enzyme activity was determined at 295 nm for 3 min at 25 C. Allopurinol was used as the standard XO inhibitor.…”

“…1,2 Fruits or underutilized fruit species are receiving more attention, as they contain different phytochemicals that manifest many biological activities, 3 including the ability to inhibit several enzymatic targets. 4,5 Moreover, compared to metabolites in the edible portion of fruits, those present in seeds have an added value and good commercial potential as promising phytochemicals/antioxidants for use in food. 6 The palm family includes a range of plant species with wide application in human food, some of which may also be of pharmacological interest.…”