“…Since VSR is a measure of volatile solids removed from the system, a better way of expressing this is that the factors leading to increasing VSR are critical in reducing biosolids production. Consistent heating, adequate mixing, consistent digester feeding and withdrawal cycles, maintaining target digester feed sludge thickness and digester cleaning to ensure low levels of inert solids accumulation are all good practices to yield the best VSR within the existing digestion system of a plant and should be addressed before considering upgrading or expanding a plant's biosolids treatment processes (Auerbach et al, 2018, andPfeffer et al, 2018). The estimate for VSR was arrived at for Scenarios B, C and D using Equation 6 and Equation 7.…”