Reducing energy costs is rapidly becoming a major priority for water and wastewater utilities. As a result, many water and wastewater utilities are performing energy management audits and evaluations to identify energy saving opportunities that will provide energy benefits at the lowest possible capital cost. Many water and wastewater facilities can realize "zero or low cost" energy saving opportunities through managing their energy demand in coordination with the energy billing rates. This is especially true for facilities whose electric energy rate structures include demand ratcheting and time of use billing. In order for demand management strategies to be effective, the demand management strategy must not have any negative impacts to the treatment process and must be coordinated with the energy billing rate structure(s). This paper will present multiple demand management strategies that were identified from multiple energy management audits performed for multiple wastewater treatment facilities. The results of multiple demand management case studies will be presented with an emphasis on demand management strategies that provided a payback period of 1 year or less . Specifically this paper will include the following as a minimum:• A description of common electric utility rate schedules (i.e. Time of Use, Demand Ratchets) and how different rate schedules impact the demand management strategies for water and wastewater treatment facilities. • Typical demand management practices commonly used by water and wastewater utilities including flow equalization, peak shaving, and operations management. • The role power monitoring capabilities has on the demand management capabilities.• The results of multiple case studies where demand management opportunities were identified as a part of an energy management project. KEYWORDSEnergy management, demand management, combined heat and power, biogas utilization, electric utility rates 1705 WEFTEC 2013

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Water and wastewater utilities have the unique opportunity to generate revenue streams from renewable and non-renewable on-site power generation systems. Renewable and non-renewable on-site power generation systems typically utilized in the water and wastewater industry include biogas fueled CHP systems, photovoltaic (solar), wind, hydraulic energy recovery system, geothermal systems and diesel or natural gas fueled engine generators. These systems commonly generate revenue by offsetting the purchased energy source (i.e. electric utility), however, there are additional opportunities that can enhance existing revenue streams or develop new revenue streams from these renewable and non-renewable onsite power generation sources. These opportunities include: Utilizing onsite generators to participate in electric utility demand response programs.These opportunities are available to a wide range of water and wastewater utilities since most electric utilities offer some form of a demand response program.  Generation of renewable energy credits (RECs) from on-site renewable energy generation sources such as biogas fueled CHP systems, wind and photovoltaic systems (Solar). Renewable energy credits can be sold to electric utilities or other entities who need the credits to meet state mandated renewable energy portfolio standards.  Negotiating a power purchase agreement with the electric utility to sell renewable energy directly to the utility at a favorable rate and/or in exchange for the renewable energy credits.  Coordinating alternate electric utility rates that will maximize the benefit from on-site power generation systems such as time of use rates and real time energy pricing rates.The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the multiple ways water and wastewater utilities can enhance the benefit from their on-site power generation sources and describe how the green energy markets/regulations and electric utility programs can contribute to the benefit and risks from these systems. KEYWORDSEnergy management, demand management, combined heat and power, biogas utilization, electric utility rates, energy markets, emission regulations, demand response.

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