Selection against Adh null alleles in Drosophila melanogaster

Delden, W. van; Kamping, Albert

doi:10.1038/hdy.1988.107

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…; Fry ). Although the importance of the ADH protein has been clearly demonstrated using knockout experiments (Vandelden and Kamping ), other studies have found limited fitness effect of ADH in environments containing 10% or lower alcohol (Malherbe et al. ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic plasticity facilitates initial colonization of a novel environment

Wang

Althoff

2019

Evolution

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Phenotypic plasticity can allow organisms to respond to environmental changes by producing better matching phenotypes without any genetic change. Because of this, plasticity is predicted to be a major mechanism by which a population can survive the initial stage of colonizing a novel environment. We tested this prediction by challenging wild Drosophila melanogaster with increasingly extreme larval environments and then examining expression of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and its relationship to larval survival in the first generation of encountering a novel environment. We found that most families responded in the adaptive direction of increased ADH activity in higher alcohol environments and families with higher plasticity were also more likely to survive in the highest alcohol environment. Thus, plasticity of ADH activity was positively selected in the most extreme environment and was a key trait influencing fitness. Furthermore, there was significant heritability of ADH plasticity that can allow plasticity to evolve in subsequent generations after initial colonization. The adaptive value of plasticity, however, was only evident in the most extreme environment and had little impact on fitness in less extreme environments. The results provide one of the first direct tests of the adaptive role of phenotypic plasticity in colonizing a novel environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic plasticity facilitates initial colonization of a novel environment

Wang

Althoff

2019

Evolution

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“…A monogamous individual's net reproductive success is completely contingent on their randomly selected partner, and so female‐damaging males and remating‐avoiding females are selected against. In the work by Stewart et al (2005), an allele that was used to simulate resistance to remating spread rapidly through populations experiencing sexual selection. This suggests that females are unable to avoid multiple matings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Male–male competition is an important determinant of reproductive success in D. melanogaster , through both sperm competition (Clark et al 1995; Ochando et al 1996; Hughes 1997; Harshman and Clark 1998) and possibly the increased mating success of larger males (Partridge et al 1987a,b). An experiment by Stewart et al (2005), in which a trait that allowed female Drosophila to avoid excessive matings readily evolved, clearly demonstrates the selective pressure exerted by this sexual arms race. The lack of evidence for indirect benefits and the high level of conflict between the sexes in Drosophila suggest that sexual selection may generally be harmful to D. melanogaster populations.…”

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confidence: 99%

SEXUAL SELECTION ACCELERATES THE ELIMINATION OF A DELETERIOUS MUTANT INDROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Hollis¹,

Fierst²,

Houle³

2009

Evolution

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Although theory indicates that indirect genetic benefits through mate choice should be widespread, empirical work has often either failed to detect the operation of such benefits or shown a net cost to the presence of sexual selection. We tested whether sexual selection can increase the speed with which a conditionally deleterious allele is removed from a laboratory population of Drosophila melanogaster. The alcohol dehydrogenase null allele (Adh-) confers slightly lower viability than wild-type alleles in the absence of ethanol but is lethal in homozygotes when ethanol comprises 6% of the medium. We tracked the frequency of this allele in artificially constructed populations reared at three different levels of ethanol (0%, 2%, and 4%) that either experienced sexual selection or did not. Loss of the deleterious Adh-allele was more rapid when sexual selection was allowed to act, especially in the presence of ethanol. We also quantified the strength of both nonsexual and sexual selection against the Adh-allele using maximum-likelihood estimation. In contrast to recent experiments employing monogamy/polygamy designs, our results demonstrate a fitness benefit to sexual selection. This is consistent with the operation of good-genes female choice.

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“…That ADH-null D. melanogaster individuals are at a selection disadvantage in an alcohol-free environment (Van Delden and Kamping, 1988) suggests that ADH has a nonalcohol function. Wild populations of D. melanogaster are polymorphic for two common electromorphs of ADH, and although they differ by only a single amino acid, ADH-F and ADH-S have different kinetic and stability properties (Geer et al, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Long-chain fatty acids and ethanol affect the properties of membranes inDrosophila melanogaster larvae

et al. 1993

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The larval fatty acid composition of neutral lipids and membrane lipids was determined in three ethanol-tolerant strains of Drosophila melanogaster. Dietary ethanol promoted a decrease in long-chain fatty acids in neutral lipids along with enhanced alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) activity in all of the strains. Dietary ethanol also increased the incorporation of 14C-ethanol into fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) by two- to threefold and decreased the incorporation of 14C-ethanol into free fatty acids (FFA). When cultured on sterile, defined media with stearic acid at 0 to 5 mM, stearic acid decreased ADH activity up to 33%. In strains not selected for superior tolerance to ethanol, dietary ethanol promoted a loss of long-chain fatty acids in membrane lipids. The loss of long-chain fatty acids in membranes was strongly correlated with increased fluidity in hydrophobic domains of mitochondrial membranes as determined by electron spin resonance and correlated with a loss of ethanol tolerance. In the ethanol-tolerant E2 strain, which had been exposed to ethanol for many generations, dietary ethanol failed to promote a loss of long-chain fatty acids in membrane lipids.

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Selection against Adh null alleles in Drosophila melanogaster

Cited by 13 publications

References 25 publications

Phenotypic plasticity facilitates initial colonization of a novel environment

Phenotypic plasticity facilitates initial colonization of a novel environment

SEXUAL SELECTION ACCELERATES THE ELIMINATION OF A DELETERIOUS MUTANT INDROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Long-chain fatty acids and ethanol affect the properties of membranes inDrosophila melanogaster larvae

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