Selection Criteria for Multichip Module Dielectrics

Feger, C.; Féger, C.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-3100-5_8

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Polyimides (PIs) possess many desirable physicochemical and mechanical properties, such as good thermal stability, low dielectric constants, excellent mechanical strength, and surface inertness. − They are widely used as structural and dielectric materials in the microelectronics, electrical, and aerospace industries. Because of their unique physicochemical properties, PIs have also been widely investigated as membrane materials during the past 3 decades for proton conducting, fouling resistance, gas removal, and gas separation applications. − PI ultrafiltration (UF) membranes have been commercialized by Nitto Electric Co. since 1982 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

pH-Sensitive Fluorinated Polyimides with Grafted Acid and Base Side Chains

Wang

Vora

Kang

et al. 2003

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Molecular modification of the ozone-pretreated fluorinated polyimide (FPI) via thermally induced graft copolymerization with either acrylic acid (AAc) or 4-vinylpyridine (4VP) in an N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solution was carried out. The resulting FPI copolymers with grafted AAc and 4VP side chains (the PAAc-g-FPI and P4VP-g-FPI copolymers, respectively) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. In general, the graft concentration increased with the monomer concentration used for graft copolymerization. Microfiltration (MF) membranes were prepared from the PAAc-g-FPI or P4VP-g-FPI copolymers by phase inversion in aqueous media with pH values ranging from 1.0 to 6.4. The surface composition of the membranes was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A substantial surface enrichment of the grafted AAc and 4VP polymer was observed for the copolymer membranes. The morphology of the MF membranes was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The pore sizes of the MF membranes were measured using a Coulter porometer. The flux of aqueous solutions through the PAAc-g-FPI and P4VP-g-FPI MF membranes exhibited a pH-dependent behavior but in an opposite manner, with the most drastic change in the permeation rate being observed at solution pH values between 1 and 4.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

pH-Sensitive Fluorinated Polyimides with Grafted Acid and Base Side Chains

Wang

Vora

Kang

et al. 2003

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Polyimides (PIs) constitute an important class of materials because of their many desirable physicochemical and mechanical characteristics, such as good thermal and hydrolytic stability, excellent mechanical strength, low dielectric constant, wear resistance, and surface inertness. − Because of these traits, PIs have been widely used as structural and dielectric materials in the microelectronics, optoelectronics, and aerospace industries. Because of their unique physicochemical properties, PIs have also been widely investigated as membrane materials for proton conducting, fouling resistance, gas removal, and gas separation applications. − PI ultrafiltration (UF) membranes have been commercialized by Nitto Electric Co. since 1982 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Fluorinated Polyimide with Grafted Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Side Chains and the Temperature-Sensitive Microfiltration Membranes

Wang

Ong

Lim

et al. 2003

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Molecular modification of a fluorinated polyimide (FPI), 2,2-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane dianhydride + 4,4‘-bis(4-aminophenoxy)diphenyl sulfone, via ozone pretreatment and thermally induced graft copolymerization with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) in a N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solution, was carried out. The resulting FPIs with grafted NIPAAm polymer side chains [FPI-g-P(NIPAAm) copolymers] were cast into microfiltration membranes by phase inversion in water at temperatures ranging from 4 to 55 °C. The surface composition of the membranes was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The surface composition, mean pore size, and morphology of the membrane varied with the temperature of the aqueous coagulation bath. For the copolymer membrane cast below the lower critical solution temperature of the NIPAAm polymer (∼32 °C), the rate of water permeation increased substantially at a permeate temperature above 32 °C. For the flux of 2-propanol through the membrane cast above 32 °C, a reversed permeate temperature dependence was observed.

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“…Aromatic polyimides (PI) are important dielectric materials for microelectronic applications. , Low dielectric constant and high thermal stability are among their attractive properties. 3a,c The most widely used polyimide is poly(4,4‘-oxydiphenylenepyromellitimide), which results from the reaction of the monomers 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic anhydride or pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and bis(4-aminophenyl) ether or oxydianiline (ODA), and subsequent heat treatment of the product (Figure ). The standard method for preparing thin films of polyimide in microelectronic applications is that of spin-coating a polyimide precursor, such as poly(amic acid) (PAA), from solution onto appropriate substrates, subsequently followed by thermal annealing to induce imidization .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Kinetic Study of the Mechanism of the Solid-State Reaction between Pyromellitic Dianhydride (PMDA) and Oxydianiline (ODA)

1996

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A kinetic study of the solid-state reaction between the polyimide precursor monomers PMDA and ODA has been carried out in the temperature range between −50 and +23 °C, using molecular beam deposition (MBD) for film growth and transmittance infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for reaction monitoring. The product of this reaction consists mainly of dimers. Only 50% of the anhydride groups (two per PMDA molecule), contained in the film resulting from the stoichiometric codeposition of the monomers PMDA and ODA, form amide links by the end of the low-temperature reaction. The very low mobility of the reaction products below room temperature results in cessation of the solid-state reaction, when all PMDA monomers have reacted with only one of their anhydride rings. Formation of amine carboxylate complexes proceeds in parallel with amic acid formation. The measured values for the activation energy of the solid-state reaction between PMDA and ODA lie between 48 and 53 kJ/mol, which indicates that diffusion of monomers through the bulk of the film is the rate limiting step of this reaction.

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Selection Criteria for Multichip Module Dielectrics

Cited by 17 publications

References 17 publications

pH-Sensitive Fluorinated Polyimides with Grafted Acid and Base Side Chains

pH-Sensitive Fluorinated Polyimides with Grafted Acid and Base Side Chains

Synthesis and Characterization of Fluorinated Polyimide with Grafted Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Side Chains and the Temperature-Sensitive Microfiltration Membranes

A Kinetic Study of the Mechanism of the Solid-State Reaction between Pyromellitic Dianhydride (PMDA) and Oxydianiline (ODA)

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