Selection indexes and economic weights applied to runner-peanut breeding

Abstract

Runner peanuts are known for their high pod yields, but are late to flowering and pod maturation, and the optimal combination of these traits with pod yield is widely desired for peanut improvement. Selection indexes are useful tools for crop breeding. In this study, seven selection indexes combined with economic weights were used in a peanut population to estimate the superior and balanced genetic gains. Eleven runner genotypes were grown in three environments in the Northeast region of Brazil under a randomized block design with five replicates. The following indices were used: Smith and Hazel, Pesek and Baker, Williams, Elston, Subandi, Cruz, and Mulamba & Mock, in combination with the following economic weights: weight 1 for all evaluated traits, primary and secondary traits, genetic variation coefficient, genetic standard deviation, and b coefficient, obtained via multivariate regression. Although the population is genetically uniform, statistical differences were found, indicating sufficient genetic variability to generate selection progress. The combinations involving earliness traits were not satisfactory for production gains. The index based on the Mulamba & Mock rankings combined with weight 1 for all traits proved the optimal combination, as indicated by the most balanced gains. The cultivars Florunner, Cavalo, LGoPE-06, and LViPE-06 are promising germplasm for ensuring satisfactory selection gains based on production means and high heritability of the most evaluated traits.

Efficiency of index-based selection for potential yield in durum wheat [<em>Triticum turgidum</em> (L.) ssp. <em>turgidum convar. durum</em> (Desf.) Mackey] lines

“…In another study, Mahdy et al (2022) showed good results using the index of desired gains of Pesek and Baker (PBI) in simultaneous improvement of several involved traits in wheat families. Peixoto et al (2021) noted that the classical index proposed by Smith and Hazel (SHI) and the sum of ranks index by Mulamba and Mock (MMI) were advantageous to produce sizeable gains distributed among several desired traits of biofortified lettuce, similar to that observed in Guimarães et al (2021) with rice and Ramos et al (2022) with peanut. The selection base WI afforded the highest total gain, desired gains all assessed traits, balanced genetic gains and considerable direct gain on GY of sweet corn (Silva et al, 2020b).…”

Seed Weight and Genotype Influence the Total Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition of Peanut Seeds

“…The oleic acid to linoleic acid ratio is an important parameter when evaluating food quality and security in the context of human health. Although runner-type peanut cultivars produce seeds with a high oleic acid content, they have a very long growing period [ 18 , 39 ]. Consequently, it is essential to obtain valuable genetic information for the development of new peanut varieties with a high level of oleic acid and pleasing agricultural traits.…”

A bioeconomic quantitative genetic model for assessing milling yields in rice

“…However, considering the effect of the growing environment that may affect the attributed variance and introduce the noise in the HRY% phenotyping process cannot be neglected to estimate the power of the genetic models used to predict the genetic gain of HRY% and associated traits. Also, large data sets certainly increase the accuracy of the genetic model, but not always, as in the case of the natural genetic background noise of the data, in terms of grain size and shape (Ali et al, 2019b andAli et al, 2023), that appears when adding more data sets does not improve the accuracy of the genetic model (Ramos et al, 2022). Therefore, in the current study, the bioeconomic genetic model was developed by integrating the bioeconomic worth of the traits coupled with GBLUP.…”

“…Initially, a bio-economic selection index (I) was proposed for ranking the key milling yield traits (HRY% and Bran-P%) and the associated losses (Husk-P%, BBR-P%, BWR-P%) responsible for overall reductions in HRY%, similar to those selected for runner peanut breeding (Ramos et al, 2022). The bio-economic selection index (I) assisted in generating the bioeconomic adjusted genomic estimated breeding values (Bioeconomic-GEBV).…”