Selection of molybdenum lines by quantitative analysis of molybdenum- zirconium-titanium alloy by CF-LIBS for future fusion applications

Plasma emission intensity expansion of Zr metal and Zr oxide via microwave enhancement laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

“…The excitation temperature and ionization degree are two important plasma parameters essential for considering the dissociation and ionization processes of plasma. The obtained emission spectra were used to calculate the excitation temperature using the Boltzmann plot method in eqn (4) 38–40 where I i is the emission, A i is the transition probability, g u,i is the statistical weight, E u,i is the ionization potential, S ( T ) is the partition function, T is the excitation temperature, and k is Boltzmann's constant.…”

“…The excitation temperature and ionization degree are two important plasma parameters essential for considering the dissociation and ionization processes of plasma. The obtained emission spectra were used to calculate the excitation temperature using the Boltzmann plot method in eqn (4) [38][39][40] ln…”

Catching up on calibration-free LIBS

“…CF-LIBS also entered the ITER project via the research of Karhunen, 80 aimed at analyzing deposition on ITER tiles, and by Fantoni et al 81 and Mišcovičová 82 to investigate the concentration of impurities in Mo alloys. Almaviva et al 83 estimated the relative concentration of W, Al and D in ITER divertor PFCs to assess the retention of fuel on the wall structure at the ITER.…”

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in the analysis of metals, chemicals and materials

“…Molybdenum is a second element used in PFC materials . Quantitative analysis of Mo–Zr–Ti alloy by CF-LIBS was carried out by Miskovicova et al , 173 with Mo acting as a substrate and support for W thin layers. The LIBS spectra were measured under air, Ar and N 2 flow at the sample laser spot, with the evolution of plasma parameters (electron density and electron temperature) observed by choosing different gate windows and delays relative to the laser pulse.…”