Selection of Scots pine seedling growth stimulants in extreme conditions of the Northern Kazakhstan steppe zone

Abstract

The aim of this research is to determine optimal methods of using stimulants in a pre-sowing treatment of common pine seeds to increase their germination and obtain high-quality planting material. A study has been performed in forest nurseries of the State Forest Natural Reserve (SFNR) “Ertis Ormany” (Pavlodar region) and the Arykbalyk Branch of the State National Natural Park (SNNP) “Kokshetau” (Akmola region). The research is done with one-and two-year-old seedlings of ordinary pine sowing of 2017. A presowing seed preparation is carried out according to six options by using various types of stimulants. A method of mathematical processing of the thus obtained measurements of the seedlings with an insufficient number of measured plants is proposed by using a bootstrap analysis with and without quantile information. It allows one to estimate the influence of stimulants on the average growth of one-and two-year-old seedlings at a reliable level. As a result of these studies, it has been revealed that the pre-sowing treatment of pine seeds with ordinary stimulants increases the average height of annual seedlings. However, the results obtained in this experiment depend on the region of nursery location, but the use of soil irrigation with an “EridGrow” activator has increased the average height in both nurseries: by 13.9% in the “Kokshetau” SNNP for one-year-old seedlings, by 37.2% for two-year-old seedlings compared with the average height of the control seedlings. For pine seedlings in the “Ertis Ormany” SFNR nursery the influence of the stimulants is insignificant, but the positive effect on the average growth with the “EridGrow” soil irrigation is a 7.3% increase in the first year and a 24.7% one in the second year.

Evaluation of One-Time Applications of Foliar Applied Auxin Co-Applied with Surfactant for Use in Commercial Cutting Propagation

“…Additionally, extending the propagation period for 'Southern Charm' would reduce the time needed for root development, allowing plants to progress down the production line and sell quicker than the currently suggested propagation window [39]. From our study, it can be concluded that the application method and auxin concentration are entirely species dependent, as has been reported by other researchers [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46].…”

Trends in Ornamental Plant Production

“…The rooting process depends on the cutting's diameter and on the nutrients which sustain the biological processes involved in adventitious root formation [65][66][67]. Altogether, it can be concluded that rooting stimulants could have beneficial effects on the development, growth and survival percentage of the plants studied [68][69][70].…”

“…Specifically, the first 96 Ecuadorian flower companies (Order established according to the income data published by the Superintendencia de Compañías del Ecuador, https://www.supercias.gob.ec/portalscvs/, accessed on 30 April 2021) were chosen. According to the value of sales, these represented approximately 70% of the more than USD 800,000,000 turnover of the sector in 2019 [68]. As seen in Table 5, the turnover in these 96 companies varies from the largest to the smallest, i.e., from USD 12,000 to USD 47,000,000.…”

Efficacy of Different Concentrations of NAA on Selected Ornamental Woody Shrubs Cuttings

“…The rooting process depends on the cutting's diameter and on the nutrients which sustain the biological processes involved in adventitious root formation [65][66][67]. Altogether, it can be concluded that rooting stimulants could have beneficial effects on the development, growth and survival percentage of the plants studied [68][69][70].…”