Selection of sustainable sanitation arrangements

Abstract

To meet the Millennium Development Goal for sanitation around 440,000 people will have to be provided with adequate sanitation every day during 2001–2015, and the corresponding figure to meet the WHO/UNICEF target of “sanitation for all” by 2025 is around 480,000 people per day during 2001–2025. The provision of sanitation services to such huge numbers necessitates action on an unprecedented scale. This is made even more difficult by the general lack of knowledge on the part of professionals and the intended beneficiaries about which sanitation arrangement is the most appropriate under which circumstances. A sanitation selection algorithm, which considers all the available sanitation arrangements, including ecological sanitation and low-cost sewerage, and which is firmly based on the principles of sustainable sanitation, is developed as a guide to identify the most appropriate arrangement in any given situation, especially in poor and very poor rural and periurban areas in developing countries.

Assessing sanitary mixtures in East African cities

“…Besides, WHO and UNICEF have set a target of 'Sanitation for All' by 2025. To achieve WHO/UNICEF target, 480,000 people would have to be provided with improved sanitation daily (Mara, Drangert, Anh, Tonderski, Gulyas, & Tonderski, 2007). To give more impetus to the magnitude of the sanitation challenge, 2008 was declared the 'International Year for Sanitation' by United Nation's General Assembly in December 2006.…”

UDDT with REUSED WATER FLUSH SYSTEM in RURAL and WATER SCARCE AREA

“…Total volume of pit 6.28m 3 The design pit can be emptied after one year or two years depending upon the convenience.…”

Assessing Sustainability of Sanitation Technologies Recommended for Rural Settings: A Case Study of Morogoro District, Tanzania

“…In most cases, decentralized systems represent an appropriate technological option for urban areas that face problems with high population density, but where financing capability limits acquisition of larger centralized treatment systems (IRC, 2012). In the developing world, for example, sewerage sanitation systems are impractical because of high investment and operation costs (Mara et al, 2007). On-site sanitation options with low operation and maintenance costs remain the most appropriate particularly for rural and unplanned settlements (Nelson and Murray, 2008).…”

“…Environmental sustainability and local sustainability as a result become part of the four fundamental principles of sustainable sanitation technology. The four fundamental principles of sustainability are human health protection, affordability, environmental sustainability and institutional appropriateness (Mara et al, (2007).…”

“…The assessment is then done using four criteria of affordability, socio-cultural acceptability, technical feasibility and environmental impact and reuse potential (Mara et al, 2007). I use the same categorization in my research.…”