Selection of the most suitable ultrafiltration membrane for water disinfection in developing countries

Arnal, J.M.; Sancho, M.; Verdú, G.; Lora, J.; Marı́n, José; Cháfer, J.

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2004.07.007

Cited by 34 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…A hybrid MIEX ® -ozonation process could be an option to treat water in developing countries, however the operational and maintenance requirements of ozonation may make it an inappropriate technology option at this stage [6]. Membrane filtration such as ultrafiltration (UF) may be a suitable water treatment option for international development as it disinfects water by physically removing bacteria and viruses, and has a lower chemical requirement compared to conventional treatment [25]. However, organic, biological and particulate fouling which reduces the treated water output and increases costs through high cleaning and maintenance requirements which again may be difficult to achieve in international development.…”

Section: Pre-treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic ion exchange: Is there potential for international development?

Neale

Schäfer

2009

Desalination

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Magnetic ion exchange (MIEX ® ) is an ion exchange resin developed as an additive to existing water treatment plants where additional organic matter is to be removed. The smaller size, magnetic properties and simple regeneration using NaCl distinguishes MIEX ® from conventional ion exchange resins and hence its use in international development applications is investigated in this review article. MIEX ® has been demonstrated to remove varying levels of dissolved organic matter, inorganic anions such as nitrate and sulphate and micropollutants including non-ionic pesticides. The removal efficiency can also be influenced by temperature, pH and presence of other anions. As MIEX ® is unable to disinfect water, the most likely application within international development is as pre-treatment before disinfection or membrane filtration.Keywords: Magnetic ion exchange, international development, natural organic matter removal, micropollutant removal IntroductionMagnetic ion exchange (MIEX ® ) is a strong base anion exchange resin with magnetic properties that can be used to adsorb weak organic acidic ions from water [1]. The magnetic properties differentiate it from other ion exchange resins, as it allows for faster resin agglomeration and recovery [2]. The resin was developed with the purpose of removing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from drinking water supplies [3]. While DOC by itself is relatively harmless, problems can occur when DOC is combined with chlorine, a common drinking water disinfectant, or bromide as they can form disinfection by-products (DBP), which are potential carcinogens [2]. In addition, the removal of DOC from water reduces the need for residual disinfection of bacterial regrowth during distribution, as well as customer complaints relating to taste, odour and colour of the water [4] The objective of this paper is to review potential applications of this ion exchange resin in international development. One of the main problems facing international development is the provision of safe drinking water, with over 1.1 billion people lacking access to this basic need [5]. Waterborne diseases, associated with pathogenic bacteria, viruses and protozoa, are the most common cause of illness and death related to water and sanitation within developing countries [6]. Therefore, improved microbiological safety through the removal of pathogens is essential for international development. While MIEX ® can not be used to disinfect or physically remove bacteria or viruses, it can remove DPB precursors, reduce chlorine demand, and therefore reduce DPB risk [7]. In addition, it can be coupled with disinfection processes such as ozonation or membrane filtration such as ultrafiltration. This review will describe the principles of MIEX ® and focus on its applicability to international development by discussing its ability to remove DOC, as well as a range of inorganic and organic contaminants from water and examine the possibility of MIEX ® integration with existing water treatment options. The issue of brine waste disposa...

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Section: Pre-treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic ion exchange: Is there potential for international development?

Neale

Schäfer

2009

Desalination

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“…It is characterized by low energy consumption, high water output, compact installation, and easy automation [1]. To date, UF is considered as one of the promising alternative in water reclamation to produce qualified and drinkable water [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of ultra-thin polyelectrolyte/carbon nanotube membrane by spray-assisted layer-by-layer technique: characterization and its anti-protein fouling properties for water treatment

Liu

Son

Chakraborty

et al. 2013

Desalination and Water Treatment

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A B S T R A C TPolyethersulfone (PES) membranes are extensively used as ultrafiltration (UF) membrane owing to their superior thermal, mechanical, and chemical stability. However, commercial PES membranes are more prone to fouling, which contributes to severe decline in permeate flux with operation time. To improve the commercial PES UF membrane anti-protein fouling properties, negatively charged functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (f-MWCNTs), blended poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS), and positively charged poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) were deposited on 20 kDa PES substrate through sprayassisted layer-by-layer (LbL) technique. Further cross-flow UF tests were conducted with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as model protein. The total flux loss results show that surfacemodified PES membranes are less susceptible to protein fouling by one-hour BSA filtration. Moreover, flux recovery ratios show that 20-min de-ionized (DI) water flushing is effective to restore water flux of the prepared membrane without aggressive chemical cleaning. Based on the experimental results, the excellent anti-fouling properties render the prepared membranes suitable for recycling utilization.

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“…Alternative technologies have been developed to meet water quality objectives while maintaining safety and controlling costs. These include ultrafiltration [11], disinfection by copper and silver ions [12], cavitation [13] and photocatalytic processes [14]. Electrochemical technologies have been recently considered as a promising alternative to deal with several topics of environmental concern in water and wastewater treatment [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrogeneration of hydrogen peroxide in seawater and application to disinfection

2008

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The cathodic electrogeneration of hydrogen peroxide in seawater by means of oxygen reduction on a gas diffusion cathode was studied. The effects on the reaction yield of several operative parameters such as cell design, medium composition, anolyte concentration, pH and working potential were investigated. Results indicate that in a two-compartment cell notable concentrations of hydrogen peroxide are obtained with a constant yield in a wide range of charge. Lower catholyte pH values, obtainable by means of the anolyte choice, mitigate the decrease in the efficiency due to cathode fouling. Application of hydrogen peroxide electrogeneration to seawater disinfection was also tested. Comparative tests conducted using both commercial and electrogenerated hydrogen peroxide, either alone or combined with iron in Fenton's treatment, are also presented

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Selection of the most suitable ultrafiltration membrane for water disinfection in developing countries

Cited by 34 publications

References 7 publications

Magnetic ion exchange: Is there potential for international development?

Magnetic ion exchange: Is there potential for international development?

Fabrication of ultra-thin polyelectrolyte/carbon nanotube membrane by spray-assisted layer-by-layer technique: characterization and its anti-protein fouling properties for water treatment

Electrogeneration of hydrogen peroxide in seawater and application to disinfection

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