Selection of Trichoderma stromaticum isolates for efficient biological control of witches’ broom disease in cacao

Loguercio, Leandro Lopes; Carvalho, Aítala Carvalho de; Niella, Givaldo Rocha; Souza, Jorge Teodoro de; Pomella, A. W. V.

doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.06.005

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…3). Results showed an isolate‐specific response to different heights in terms of pathogen presence, and confirmed a tendency previously found of a negative association between Ts sporulation and Mp incidence (Loguercio et al , 2009), independent of canopy height. The lower the amount of Ts sporulation for all isolates, the greater the presence of the pathogen, at all heights, with a generally higher efficiency for group‐I isolates (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Canopy‐microclimate effects on the antagonism between Trichoderma stromaticum and Moniliophthora perniciosa in shaded cacao

et al. 2009

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The collective impact of several environmental factors on the biocontrol activity of Trichoderma stromaticum (Ts) against Moniliophthora perniciosa (Mp), the cause of cacao witches' broom disease, was assessed under field conditions of shaded cacao (Theobroma cacao) in south-eastern Bahia, Brazil. Biocontrol experiments were performed adjacent to an automated weather station, with sensors and Ts-treated brooms placed at different canopy heights. Sporulation occurred at the same dates for all Ts isolates, but in different quantities. Broom moisture >30%, air temperature of approximately 23 ± 3°C, relative humidity >90%, solar radiation intensities <0AE12 KW m )2 and wind speed near zero were the key environmental parameters that preceded Ts sporulation events. A multiple logistic regression indicated that these weather variables combined were capable of distinguishing sporulation from non-sporulation events, with a significant effect of wind speed. Analyses of environmental factors at ground level indicated similar pre-sporulation conditions, with a soil moisture content above a threshold of 0AE34 m 3 m )3 preceding all sporulation events. The sporulation of five selected Ts isolates was compared at four different canopy heights. Isolates responded differently to weather variation in terms of sporulation and antagonism to Mp at different canopy levels, indicating that different microclimates are established along the vertical profile of a shaded cacao plantation. The potential of these findings for development of predictive mathematical models and disease-management approaches is discussed.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Canopy‐microclimate effects on the antagonism between Trichoderma stromaticum and Moniliophthora perniciosa in shaded cacao

et al. 2009

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“…When representatives of the two groups were experimentally inoculated into cacao trees in the field, members of both groups were able to develop an endophytic relationship in sapwood of the trees, but Group 2 members were recovered up to 120 days after inoculation whereas Group 1 members were not reisolated (de Souza et al 2008). Loguercio et al (2009a) found that in the field Group 1 members more effectively reduced survival of M. perniciosa in hanging brooms than did members of Group 2. They concluded that, allowing for strain differences, overall members of Group 1 were more effective biological control agents than Group 2 members.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Trichoderma stromaticum and its overseas relatives

et al. 2011

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Trichoderma stromaticum, T. rossicum and newly discovered species form a unique lineage in Trichoderma. Phylogenetic and phenotypic diversity in Trichoderma stromaticum are examined in the light of reported differences in ecological parameters and AFLP patterns. Multilocus phylogenetic analysis using 4 genes (tef1, rbp2, cal, chi18-5) did not reveal phylogenetic basis for the two reported divergent AFLP patterns or for ecological parameters; however, this analysis does indicate incomplete speciation with one supported clade derived from within T. stromaticum that corresponds to AFLP Group 2 of de Souza et al. (2006, Phytopathology 96:61-67). Trichoderma stromaticum is known only from tropical America and is typically found in association with Theobroma cacao infected with Moniliophthora perniciosa. It is reported here for the first time on pseudostromata of M. roreri in Peru. Strains of T. stromaticum also have been isolated as endophytes from stems of Theo. cacao. There are no recognized close relatives of T.stromaticum in tropical America. The closest relatives of T. stromaticum are collected in Africa and Thailand; somewhat more distantly related are T. rossicum and T. barbatum, both found in north temperate regions.

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“…Sanogo et al (2002) found that high RH (100%) promoted sporulation of T. stromaticum on infected cacao stem pieces and suppressed growth of M. perniciosa. Loguercio et al (2009) found that high broom moisture (>30%) and high humidity were required for sporulation of T. stromaticum on M. perniciosa-infected brooms. In a series of studies, the most recent being Batta (2007), T. harzianum in an invert oil emulsion reduced postharvest disease on fruits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Loguercio et al . () found that high broom moisture (>30%) and high humidity were required for sporulation of T. stromaticum on M. perniciosa ‐infected brooms. In a series of studies, the most recent being Batta (), T. harzianum in an invert oil emulsion reduced postharvest disease on fruits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of formulation on Trichoderma biological activity and frosty pod rot management in Theobroma cacao

et al. 2015

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Frosty pod rot (FPR), caused by Moniliophthora roreri, is responsible for significant losses in Theobroma cacao. Due to limited options for FPR management, biological control methods using Trichoderma are being studied. Combinations of three formulations and two Trichoderma isolates were studied between May 2009 and April 2011. The formulations were 0Á3 mL L À1 of the surfactant BreakThru 100SL (BT), a mixture of 1% w/v Sure-Jell (source of pectin) and 1% w/v potato dextrose broth (PDB) (PP), and an invert oil emulsion of 50% v/v corn oil/2Á5% w/v lecithin/0Á5% w/v PDB (COP). Water and fungicide, copper oxychloride, were included as controls. Humidity chamber studies indicated that Trichoderma conidia germinated in all formulations if free water was maintained, while only the COP formulation supported germination under drying conditions. In the field, Trichoderma ovalisporum DIS-70a and Trichoderma harzianum DIS-219f were applied monthly in each of the three formulations at a rate of 180 mL per tree, 2Á46 9 10 7 conidia per mL. The COP/DIS-70a formulation provided the largest yield increase compared to all other treatments, including the fungicide control. Averaged over the 2 years, the COP formulation increased yield to 30Á7% healthy pods compared to 9Á7% healthy pods in the water control. Although the formulation/isolate combinations did not consistently increase endophytic colonization, the PP/DIS-219f, COP/DIS-219f and COP/DIS-70a combinations increased total endophytic/ epiphytic colonization by Trichoderma. The invert corn oil formulation of DIS-70a significantly enhanced yield of healthy cacao pods over 2 years providing a promising model for optimizing Trichoderma-based biocontrol strategies.

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Selection of Trichoderma stromaticum isolates for efficient biological control of witches’ broom disease in cacao

Cited by 28 publications

References 30 publications

Canopy‐microclimate effects on the antagonism between Trichoderma stromaticum and Moniliophthora perniciosa in shaded cacao

Canopy‐microclimate effects on the antagonism between Trichoderma stromaticum and Moniliophthora perniciosa in shaded cacao

Trichoderma stromaticum and its overseas relatives

The influence of formulation on Trichoderma biological activity and frosty pod rot management in Theobroma cacao

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