Selection of yeast strains for lactose hydrolysis in dairy effluents

EXPLORING THE OPTIMUM CONDITIONS FOR MAXIMIZING THE MICROBIAL GROWTH OFCandida intermediaBY RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

“…According to the results of the statistical design and by application of Eqs. (3) and (4), the optimum values of tested factors were evaluated as follows: 18.4 g=L lactose, 0.161 g=L NaCl, and 32.4 C of medium temperature. Under the optimized conditions, maximum specific growth rate was predicted to be 0.090 1=h and lactose consumption was 42%.…”

“…[1,2] Approximately 50% of whey produced worldwide every year are disposed into environment via water bodies or loaded onto land. [3] This represents a significant loss of resources and causes serious pollution problems since whey is a heavy organic pollutant with high biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) values 40-60 g=L and 50-80 g=L, respectively. [3,4] It is considered that lactose is the cause of 90% of the whey COD and BOD contents.…”

“…[3] This represents a significant loss of resources and causes serious pollution problems since whey is a heavy organic pollutant with high biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) values 40-60 g=L and 50-80 g=L, respectively. [3,4] It is considered that lactose is the cause of 90% of the whey COD and BOD contents. The cheese industry yields large quantities of cheese whey, which is about 83-90% by volume of the total milk utilized, and that by-product contains about 50% of the total solids of the original milk.…”

Electrochemical treatment of deproteinated whey wastewater and optimization of treatment conditions with response surface methodology

“…Whey wastewater is produced more than 145 × 10 6 tonnes per year in the world [3,4] and approximately half of the world whey production was disposed into rivers, lakes or other water bodies; treated in wastewater treatment plants or loaded onto land [1,5]. Whey wastewater disposal has become increasingly important due to more stringent legislative requirements for effluent quality [6] since whey is a heavy organic pollutant with high biological and chemical oxygen demand values (BOD and COD), 40-60 and 50-80 g/L, respectively [5,7,8].…”

Feasibility of cheese whey as an energy source for the growth of Aspergillus sp. and for the removal of heavy metals in batch reactor

“…About 40% of the total global production of whey is either disposed into rivers, lakes or other water bodies or loaded onto land [14]. Due to the presence of high mineral and organic matter content, the raw whey causes environmental pollution such as eutrophication [15,16]. It has been estimated that whey has a biological oxygen demand (BOD) values of 40-60 g/l and chemical oxygen demand (COD) values of 50-80 g/l, respectively [14,17].…”