Selective and long-term learning impairment following neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain insult in rats

Late Measures of Brain Injury After Neonatal Hypoxia–Ischemia in Mice

“…In rats subjected to HI, some authors found no long-term sensorimotor deficit assessed by the rota-rod test. 4,27 In contrast, Jansen et al reported significant impairment of sensorimotor neurofunction in rats assessed by the rota-rod test at 6 to 9 weeks after HI. 5 These conflicting data reported by different authors who using the same model might be explained by differing degrees of brain injury in the cohort of HI-affected rats.…”

“…5 These conflicting data reported by different authors who using the same model might be explained by differing degrees of brain injury in the cohort of HI-affected rats. A very well-designed study 4 of neuropathological and functional outcomes of neonatal HIE in adult rats revealed that only 11 of 23 (47%) of animals developed severe brain damage with significant tissue loss and porencephaly. These data are consistent with our findings in mice, wherein 6 of 13 (46%) developed extensive brain injury and porencephaly.…”

“…[1][2][3] Given the great plasticity of the developing brain, functional measures of injury are likely to be more clinically relevant. Although neurofunctional deficit after an HI insult in rats has been reported, 4,5 in mice neurofunctional studies have been applied in an adult mouse stroke model and were limited to assessment of short-term (24 hours to 4 days after stroke) neurobehavioral recovery. 6,7 There is only a single report 8 describing short-term neuroanatomical and neurofunctional outcomes of HIE in mice.…”

The Pharmacological Characterization of Attentional Processes Using a Two-lever Choice Reaction Time Task in Rats.

“…11,12) Two Skinner boxes (31ϫ24ϫ 28 cm, Neuroscience Inc.) with two levers, which were interfaced with two SUB-CPU interfaces (Neuroscience Inc.) were used. They were controlled by personal computers (PC-9801RS, NEC, Tokyo, Japan) for experimental events and collected data.…”

“…[5][6][7][8][9][10] We also reported that ischemic-hypoxic insult to neonatal rats and methamphetamine produced severe impairment of attention in a two-lever correct response (CR) task. 11,12) Although a variety of neurons and neurotransmitters have thus been implicated in attentional processes in the five-choice serial reaction time task, the pharmacological characterization in the attentional processes of a two lever CRT task is not understood well. The objective of the present study was to investigate the pharmacological characterization in the attentional processes of a two-lever CRT task using 10 different centrally acting drugs: scopolamine, a nonselective muscarinic receptor antagonist; methamphetamine, a psychostimulant; D…”