Selective and Rapid Biosensor Integrated into a Commercial Hand‐Held Instrument for the Measurement of Ammonium Ion in Sewage Effluent

Abstract

A disposable biosensor for ammonium ions in sewage effluent was developed and based on a screen-printed carbon electrode coated with the enzyme 1657 glutamate dehydrogenase, 2-oxoglutarate, and NADH. This rapid and selective amperometric biosensor is capable of detecting NH 4 þ in sewage effluent at concentrations in the range 1 -10 ppm. The biosensor was developed as a disposable, reagentless device incorporated into a fully automated, hand-held instrument that can be used away from the laboratory. This low cost, commercially available system permits the measurement of NH 4 þ in effluent samples in only 5 min and 20 s without any pretreatment. The results obtained correlated well with the standard laboratory method, used by the Environment Agency.

Recent advances in NADH electrochemical sensing design

“…Detection at graphite based screen printed disposable electrodes has been used as possible solution for the realisation of biosensors; feasibility depends, in this case mainly by the cost per analysis. A disposable biosensor for ammonium was reported by Hart et al [70]. It was based on screen printed carbon electrodes immobilized glutamate dehydrogenase, 2-oxoglutarate, and NADH.…”

Methods of Immobilization of Microbial Enzymes on Solid Surfaces and Their Use

“…Biosenzory a analytické metody využívající imobilizované enzymy se uplatňují v medicíně, průmyslu, ekologii, v diagnostice a všude, kde je třeba stanovit hledaný marker (68). Včasná diagnóza nemocí, otrav a patologických stavů, je zásadní pro další postup v léčbě (69).…”

Solid State Chemical Sensors: Technologies and Applications

“…Because of the direct link that electro-chemical measurements have between chemical processes and the measurement circuitry and also because the ammonium (NH 4+ ) ISE has been successfully employed elsewhere for the detection of ammonia in aqueous samples, this relatively simple instrument is a strong contender for adaptation to a distributed monitoring system (14)(15)(16)(17).…”