Selective and Sensitive Room Temperature Detection of Ammonia by PPy-Ag Nanocomposite

Nerkar, D. M.

doi:10.22214/ijraset.2018.3194

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Exposure to high concentrations of ammonia can lead to severe consequences, including blindness, chronic lung damage, or even death. [74][75][76][77] According to the US Department of Health and Human Services Agency, when ammonia comes into contact with eyes and skin fluids, it forms ammonium hydroxide, a highly ionized weak base that can lead to tissue necrosis, saponification of cell membrane lipids (resulting in cell disruption and death), and the extraction of water from cells, causing inflammatory responses that may damage surrounding tissues. [77] Due to the acute toxicity of ammonia, the development of gas sensor devices for the early detection and monitoring of ammonia gas is crucial for a wide range of applications.…”

Section: Sensing Of Ammonia (Nh 3 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It finds widespread use in various applications, primarily in the manufacturing of nitrogenous fertilizers like urea, ammonium sulphate, and ammonium nitrate for agricultural purposes. [74][75][76][77] Additionally, ammonia is employed in water purification, explosives production, the textile and pharmaceutical industries, household cleaning, refrigerants, metal extraction, and the manufacturing of plastics and pulp. [73] Ammonia is a corrosive, poisonous, and highly toxic volatile chemical.…”

Section: Sensing Of Ammonia (Nh 3 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the Contribution of Intelligent Nanomaterials in Gas Sensing

Onyinye Okechukwu,

Olayiwola Idris,

Umukoro

et al. 2024

ChemistrySelect

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Gas sensors are crucial in various industries like chemicals, food processing, pharmaceuticals, health monitoring through breath analysis, as well as in household and environmental monitoring to ensure human safety. Chemo‐resistive gas sensors based on metal oxides convert gas information into electrical signals by interacting with adsorption and desorption processes. For metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors, sensitivity and selectivity enhancements are achieved through doping, functionalization, composite formations, heterojunction creation, and morphological adjustments. The formation of heterojunctions notably boosts the efficacy of the sensing material, leveraging synergistic effects to reinforce adsorption rates, catalytic activity acceleration, and the depletion interface for electrons and holes. Over the past few decades, nanomaterials have played a critical role in gas sensing applications. They have enabled the detection of a wide array of harmful and polluting gases, as well as volatile organic compounds serving as disease biomarkers. Additionally, incorporating heterostructure nanomaterials into heterojunctions significantly impacts sensing performance and detection speed. This review discussed various types of gas sensing devices, categorizing them based on the sensing elements employed, each possessing its own set of unique advantages and disadvantages. Nevertheless, the review underscored the importance of several key parameters and factors that influence the performance of gas sensors. Additionally, recent advancements in the utilization of nanomaterial composites for gas sensor applications, particularly in the detection of gases such as ammonia, hydrogen sulphide, and sulphur dioxide vapours, were discussed. Furthermore, the review highlights recent research endeavours and fundamental parameters, including sensitivity, detection limits, selectivity, response times, and recovery times.

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Section: Sensing Of Ammonia (Nh 3 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sensing Of Ammonia (Nh 3 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Contribution of Intelligent Nanomaterials in Gas Sensing

Onyinye Okechukwu,

Olayiwola Idris,

Umukoro

et al. 2024

ChemistrySelect

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Investigation of structural and optical properties of ternary polyaniline–polypyrrole–nickel oxide (PANI‐PPy‐NiO) nanocomposite for optoelectronic devices

Elumalai

Charles

2022

Polymer International

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A new ternary nanocomposite comprising nickel oxide (NiO) embedded into a binary polymeric network of polyaniline (PANI) and polypyrrole (PPy), i.e. PANI‐PPy‐NiO, is synthesized using an in situ chemical oxidative method. The infrared spectrum of PANI‐PPy‐NiO exhibits most of the characteristic peaks of unary nanoparticles with slight shift in the frequencies. The shift is due to the synergistic interaction of binary PANI‐PPy with the inorganic NiO nanoparticles. X‐ray diffraction pattern reveals the semicrystalline structure of the PANI‐PPy‐NiO nanocomposite with an average crystallite size of 22 nm. From Williamson–Hall plot, the micro‐strain value of as‐prepared PANI‐PPy‐NiO is found to be −0.16727. Surface morphology of PANI‐PPy‐NiO shows fine grains of NiO‐encapsulated PANI‐PPy that tend to coalesce and form an agglomeration assembly. The elements detected from energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis indicate the purity of synthesis of the ternary material. Further, the optical constants obtained from UV–visible spectra (absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, refractive index, optical conductivity and real and imaginary dielectric constants) are found to be higher for PANI‐PPy‐NiO than for the unary PANI, PPy and NiO nanoparticles. Tauc plot and Urbach energy studies indicate the low bandgap energy of PANI‐PPy‐NiO (2.67 eV) compared to unary nanoparticles. Further, the emission intensity peak (492 nm) observed in the photoluminescence spectrum of PANI‐PPy‐NiO corresponds to the blue region of the visible spectrum. Thus, the optical studies clearly indicate the high suitability of the synthesized PANI‐PPy‐NiO in visible‐light‐based device applications. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.

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