Selective attention, working memory, and animal intelligence

Matzel, Louis D.; Kolata, Stefan

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.07.002

Cited by 86 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…First of all, there is a concurrence between onset of the learning deficit and the increase in glial numbers. Second, hippocampus-dependent spatial memory (46) but not the prefrontal cortex-dependent working memory (47) was impaired in 12-moold Cnr1 −/− mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Role of CB1 cannabinoid receptors on GABAergic neurons in brain aging

Albayram

Alferink

Pitsch

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

101

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Brain aging is associated with cognitive decline that is accompanied by progressive neuroinflammatory changes. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is involved in the regulation of glial activity and influences the progression of age-related learning and memory deficits. Mice lacking the Cnr1 gene (Cnr1 −/− ), which encodes the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), showed an accelerated agedependent deficit in spatial learning accompanied by a loss of principal neurons in the hippocampus. The age-dependent decrease in neuronal numbers in Cnr1 −/− mice was not related to decreased neurogenesis or to epileptic seizures. However, enhanced neuroinflammation characterized by an increased density of astrocytes and activated microglia as well as an enhanced expression of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 during aging was present in the hippocampus of Cnr1 −/− mice. The ongoing process of pyramidal cell degeneration and neuroinflammation can exacerbate each other and both contribute to the cognitive deficits. Deletion of CB1 receptors from the forebrain GABAergic, but not from the glutamatergic neurons, led to a similar neuronal loss and increased neuroinflammation in the hippocampus as observed in animals lacking CB1 receptors in all cells. Our results suggest that CB1 receptor activity on hippocampal GABAergic neurons protects against age-dependent cognitive decline by reducing pyramidal cell degeneration and neuroinflammation.glial regulation | Morris water maze | stereological quantification | CD40 expression | telemetric EEG recording

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Role of CB1 cannabinoid receptors on GABAergic neurons in brain aging

Albayram

Alferink

Pitsch

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

101

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“…In addition, the effects of virtuality are expected to exhibit a variable effect size depending on the species chosen. Species that have high levels of what is traditionally considered animal intelligence (Matzel and Kolata, 2010) should exhibit these effects most strongly. Effects such as illusion can also be very strong in organisms with highlyspecialized sensory systems, particularly given that the VE manipulation is highly specific.…”

Section: Cognitive Neuroethology As An Uncanny Valleymentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal-oriented Virtual Environments: illusion, dilation, and discovery

Alicea

2014

Preprint

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As a research tool, virtual environments hold immense promise for brain scientists. Yet to fully realize this potential in non-human systems, theoretical and conceptual perspectives must be developed. When selectively coupled to nervous systems, virtual environments can help us better understand the functional architecture of animals' brains during naturalistic behaviors. While this will no doubt allow us to further our understanding of the neural basis of behavior, there is also an opportunity to uncover the diversity inherent in brain activity and behavior. This is due to two properties of virtual environments: the ability to create sensory illusions, and the ability to dilate space and/or time. These and other potential manipulations will be characterized as the effects of virtuality. In addition, the systems-level outcomes of virtual environmentenhanced perception will be discussed in the context of the uncanny valley and other expected relationships between emotional valence, cognition, and training. These effects and their usefulness for brain science will be understood in the context of three types of neurobehavioral phenomena: sensorimotor integration, spatial navigation, and interactivity. For each of these behaviors, a combination of illusory and space/time dilation examples will be reviewed. Once these examples are presented, the implications for improving upon virtual models for more directly inducing the mental phenomena of illusion and space/time dilation will be considered. To conclude, future directions for integrating this research area into a strategy of broader biological inquiry will be presented. IntroductionVirtual Environments (VEs) are increasingly being used to uncover the fundamental features of cognition. Areas of investigation include spatial cognition, sensorimotor control, and emotional processing (Bohil et al., 2011). While VEs are an up-and-coming method for studying human cognition, they are increasingly also being used in the study of animal cognition. VE systems usually consist of a sensory or experiential analogue. This allows us not only to faithfully replicate naturalistic conditions for behaviors in the lab, but also explore the limits of the underlying neural systems.

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“…Заболевания мозга человека, симптомы которых необходимо воспроизвести в той или иной модели, могут затрагивать и выполнение простых действий (моторика, судорожные состояния) [33], и эмоцио-нальную сферу [26] и когнитивные функции [36].…”

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Modeling of human brain diseases in experiments on rodents (brief overview)

Perepelkina

Полетаева

A.Yu.

2016

Современная Зарубежная Психология

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The review summarizes the successes and difficulties in creating and using biological models of the human brain diseases, which belongs to the important issues of applied Neurobiology. The review mentions and attempts to theoretically comprehend the relative role of genotype, environmental influences and their dynamic interactions (LEARN concept). The article reviews the examples of developed genetic models of human diseases (Alzheimer's, Down syndrome, Autism, etc.). When creating models of anxiety disorders the focus is made on the difficult problem of "norm" and "pathology", as well as the importance of integrating and understanding species specific behavior of animals used as biological models of this kind.

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Selective attention, working memory, and animal intelligence

Cited by 86 publications

References 55 publications

Role of CB1 cannabinoid receptors on GABAergic neurons in brain aging

Role of CB1 cannabinoid receptors on GABAergic neurons in brain aging

Animal-oriented Virtual Environments: illusion, dilation, and discovery

Modeling of human brain diseases in experiments on rodents (brief overview)

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