Selective Cell Recruitment and Spatially Controlled Cell Attachment on Instructive Chitosan Surfaces Functionalized with Antibodies

Abstract

Bioactive constructs to guide cellular mobilization and function have been proposed as an approach for a new generation of biomaterials in functional tissue engineering. Adult mesenchymal stem cells have been widely used as a source for cell based therapeutic strategies, namely tissue engineering. This is a heterogeneous cell population containing many subpopulations with distinct regenerative capacity. Thus, one of the issues for the effective clinical use of stem cells in tissue engineering is the isolation of a highly purified, expandable specific subpopulation of stem cells. Antibody functionalized biomaterials could be promising candidates to isolate and recruit specific cell types. Here we propose a new concept of instructive biomaterials that are able to recruit and purify specific cell types from a mixed cell population. This biomimetic concept uses a target-specific chitosan substrate to capture specific adipose derived stem cells. Specific antibodies were covalently immobilized onto chitosan membranes using bis[sulfosuccinimidyl] suberate (BS3). Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) was used to monitor antibody immobilization/adsorption onto the chitosan films. Specific antibodies covalently immobilized, kept their bioactivity and captured specific cell types from a mixed cell population. Microcontact printing allowed to covalently immobilize antibodies in patterns and simultaneously a spatial control in cell attachment.

Strategies to develop endogenous stem cell-recruiting bioactive materials for tissue repair and regeneration

“…Finally, a more sophisticated material-based approach to control antibody immobilization for the recruitment of particular cell populations is by the photolithographic micropatterning of biomaterials [70]. Custodio et al .…”

Creating biomaterials with spatially organized functionality

“…29,54 Microcontact printing can also be applied to 3D biomaterials to control cell response and organization on their surfaces. 55 These studies illustrate how cells are able to sense and respond to the spatial presentation of ECM molecules at the micrometer level, which is an important consideration for surface functionalizing biomaterials.…”

Design and Applications of Cell-Selective Surfaces and Interfaces

“…In another work, chitosan membranes are modified with anti-human CD3, anti-human CD29, and anti-human CD105 to selectively capture adipose stem cells (ASCs) from adipose tissue. The purity of ASCs is significantly increased when incubated with mixed osteoblast-like cells (SaOs-2) and cells separated from liposuction samples for 72 h …”