Selective copper recovery with two types of liquid membranes

Abstract

Smith et al. (1970). Equation ( B 2 ) and the first term in Equation ( B 4 ) give the random mixing result. The second and third terms in Equation ( B 4 ) correct the random mixing approximation for clusters of two and three molecules, respectively. The third-and fourth-order terms have been derived, they are of a form similar to Equations (28) and ( 2 9 ) . These are not useful, however, because they require the higherorder distribution functions go( 1234), etc., which are unknown. A good approximation can be made for these terms by writing them in the form of Equation ( B 4 ) and including only the correction for clusters of two molecules. This provides the dominant correction for mixture nonrandomness. The result isThese complex equations allow calculation of mixture properties when the molecules differ in size, shape or intermolecular potential energy.For athermal solutions, the perturbed-hard-chain theory yields the Flory-Huggins combinatorial entropy of mixing for chain molecules, while for mixtures of spherical molecules of the same size, perturbed-hard-chain theory becomes essentially equivalent to Guggenheim's quasichemical approximation. Pcrturbed-hard-chain theory, in effect, interpolates between these two well-established theories of mixtures. This paper shows how two different liquid membranes can selectively separate and concentrate copper or nickel ions. In other words, it demonstrates how copper or nickel can be removed from a dilute solution and concentrated in a more acidic solution. As such, the work is another effort in this laboratory aimed at making mass transfer fast and selective.These membranes contain liquid ion exchangers which function as the mobile carriers so often postulated in biophysics (Stein, 1967). These carriers react with the solutes of interest and diffuse with them across the membrane. The crileria which these carriers must fulfill t o be effective are described elsewhere Schultz et al., 1974).

Membrane transport systems. V. Coupled countertransport of alkaline earth cations and protons

“…The final concentrations attained did not vary over a considerable time, which suggests that the overall behaviour could be an example of reversible consecutive first order reactions. This would give a kinetic scheme as in [3].…”

“…Thus the kinetic scheme [3] compietely describes the transport kinetics with no additional concentration terms for orotons or carrier concentration. In this regime the rate limiting step must be remote from the interface and adsorbed carrier, hence must lie in the water layer on the basic side of the cell.…”

“…The extraction and transport of ionic species across membranes is central to the functioning of biological systems and is of increasing importance for the recovery and upgrading of resources using artificial membranes (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). One approach to the development of practical separation schemes seeks inspiration from the processes which occur in natural systems and, in particular, the behaviour of certain carboxylate antibiotics (7).…”

Separation of Copper and Zinc Ions by Hollow Fiber Supported Liquid Membrane Containing LIX84 and PC-88A

“…The nondispersive solvent extraction has been the subject of many researchers due to its advantages as low extractant consumption, the simultaneous extraction and back-extraction in a single process, and simpler device etc. [7][8][9][10] Non-dispersive extraction is an extraction technique in which the metals are separated by the selective permeation while the dispersion between organic phase and aqueous phase is prevented using porous membrane. As means for contact between organic phase and aqueous phase, the membrane contactor, 11) the supported liquid membrane, 8,12) and the contained liquid membrane 13) were suggested.…”

Kinetic and dynamic study of liquid–liquid extraction of copper in a HFMC: Experimentation, modeling, and simulation

“…The membrane separates both phases and thus eliminates equilibrium limitations, high efficiency is obtained and organic loss can be reduced. 13,14 HFMC-based separation units are very compact and energy efficient. Fast mass transfer is achieved compared to conventional extraction units.…”