Selective determination of collectively accelerated 12C ion bunches by neutron time-of-flight spectrometry

Collective Acceleration of Helium Ions from Its Residual Atmosphere in a Luce Diode

“…The experimental setup based on a Luce diode mode of accelerator TEMP-4M described in [14,15,17] is shown in Figure 1. Anode inserts with holes of Ø12 mm were made of conventional polyethylene (8 mm thick) and porous Al 2 O 3 ceramics (10 mm thick).…”

“…The collective acceleration of helium ions in more compact Plutto-Luce diodes [11][12][13] is possible both from the residual gas atmosphere [14,15] and due to synchronized pulsed helium puffing into the near-anode space, as in [10]. It was shown in [14] that the average number of 12 C ions captured by the virtual cathode (VC) in acceleration for an h-BN anode insert was 4.8 × 10 12 per shot, which, with the expected number of carbon atoms per 15 cm path, is about 2.8 × 10 14 , and is translated into the efficiency of capture in the acceleration of 12 C ions from the residual atmosphere as 1.7%. When accelerating from the residual atmosphere of deuterium, the number of accelerated deuterons strongly depended on the deuterium pressure in the chamber and, at its pressure of 0.177 Pa, reached an average of 5 × 10 11 per shot [15].…”

Prompt γ and neutron spectrometry of intense nanosecond ion bunches collectively accelerated in a Luce diode

“…Here we report our recent results on a selective γand ToF spectrometry of neutrons generated by ions collectively accelerated with a Luce diode mode of TEMP-4M accelerator which was mostly described in [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Usually, two types of dielectric anode inserts with a hole diameter of 12 mm were used: polyethylene 8 mm thick and h-BN 2-4 mm thick.…”

“…As regards the spectrometry of collectively accelerated 12 С ions, the best possibilities for the main group of ions are nToF spectrometry based on the threshold reaction 2 Н( 12 С,n) 13 N (Eth = 2.3 MeV) implemented in [10]. In this case, Ca(OD)2 layers deposited from CaO suspensions in heavy water onto molybdenum foils 250 μm thick were used as accessible deuterium-containing targets -see typical signals from such a target in Fig.…”

“…Such a configuration later received the common name "Luce diode", although some workers argue that the configuration was principally similar to the one used by Plyutto [3]. Our approach to studying the model of collective ion acceleration is to use nuclear analysis methods to diagnose ion bunches accelerated by a Luce diode operated in the same configuration of electrodes at moderate voltage values of about 250 kV [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. At such voltages, on the one hand, accelerated ions are already capable of generating nuclear reactions in targets made of light elements, but, on the other hand, it is still possible to selectively excite the required analytical reactions and generate selective signals that can be unambiguously attributed to one or another group of accelerated protons and heavy ions (mainly 12 C ions).…”