Selective Electrochemical Sensing of Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA_1c) on Thiophene-3-Boronic Acid Self-Assembled Monolayer Covered Gold Electrodes

Abstract

We report a novel concept of sensing glycated hemoglobin, HbA 1c, which is now the most important index for a long-term average blood glucose level, by first selectively immobilizing it on the thiophene-3-boronic acid (T3BA) self-assembled monolayer (SAM)-covered gold electrode by a selective chemical reaction with boronic acid. HbA 1c thus immobilized is then detected by the label-free electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) measurements with a redox probe, an equimolar mixture of K 3Fe(CN) 6 and K 4Fe(CN) 6, present. The rate of charge transfer between the electrode and the redox probe is shown to be modulated by the amount of HbA 1c in the matrix hemoglobin solution due to the blocking effect caused by the binding of HbA 1c with boronic acid. Both the formation of a well-defined T3BA-SAM on the gold surface and the chemical binding of its boronic acid with HbA 1c in solution were confirmed by quartz crystal microbalance, atomic force microscopy, and EIS experiments.

Gold nanoparticle/nickel oxide/poly(pyrrole-N-propionic acid) hybrid multilayer film: Electrochemical study and its application in biosensing

“…Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study of Ty based electrode (ITO/GNPs/NiO/poly(PPA)-Ty) EIS is a versatile technique describing the response of an electrochemical process taking place at the electrode solution interface [65]. It has been demonstrated that EIS measurements can provide significantly more sensitive responses than amperometric techniques for the detection of some biomolecules [66,67]. To investigate the dopamine (DP) sensing characteristics of the ITO/GNPs/NiO/poly(PPA)-Ty, EIS was performed in the frequency range 100 mHz to 10 5 Hz.…”

Detection of 17 β-estradiol in Environmental Estrogen Pollution and in Women’s Health Care Using a Single-Use, Cost Effective Biosensor Based on Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV)

“…MPA molecule consisted of a thiol functional group at one end, which provided an excellent affinity to gold, and a carboxylic group at another end, which was suitable for bonding covalently to proteins through peptide bond after an activation procedure. Thiol modification of gold electrode surface for protein immobilization was a well-acknowledged technique (32,33,(36)(37)(38). Typically, 4-8 biosensor were prepared in this immobilization step as a batch for this study.…”

A Nonenzymatic Amperometric Method for Fructosyl‐Valine Sensing Using Ferroceneboronic Acid

“…This reaction results from the boronic acids hydroxyl groups strong interactions with the diol-containing saccharides, forming cyclic boronic acid esters on complexation. Recently, a number of studies have been made with respect to the selective recognition of saccharides and their detection using boronic acid-diol interactions [8][9][10]. Shoji and Freund reported that using a poly(aniline boronic acid) (PABA) modified electrode, the electrochemical potential was sensitive to sugars, due to the formation of a boronic acid-diol complex that caused the fluctuation of the pKa of PABA [8].…”

“…Arimori and co-workers synthesized a novel compound that combined the boronic acid receptor and a pyrene unit into a transducer for a d-glucose fluorescence sensor [9]. Also reported, by Park et al, was a thiophene-3-boronic acid modified gold electrode with selectivity for HbA 1c that employed a quartz crystal [10]. Reddy and co-workers prepared a polyanionic affinity agent, which was used for the measurement of HbA 1c , based on ultraviolet (UV) absorbance [11].…”