Selective homocysteine detection of nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots: Synergistic effect of surface catalysis and photoluminescence sensing

Folic acid incorporated nitrogen‐doped carbon dots as a turn‐on fluorescence probe for homocysteine detection

“…Namely, (1) The additional carbon atom in Hcy favours Hcy as a fivemembered ring thiolactone. [3,8,39] This five-membered thio lactone may interact with the free amino group of FA. favoured to provide an alpha-amino carbon-centred radical.…”

“…[5][6][7] The concentration of Hcy in plasma above 15 μM is known as hyperhomocysteinemia, with > 100 μM regarded as severe, 30-100 μM as intermediate, and 15-30 μM moderate. [5][6][7][8] Homocystinuria is a genetic disorder, and high amounts of Hcy are noxious to the extracellular matrix and endothelial tissues, leading to clotting and thrombogenesis. [9][10][11][12] Several clinical studies assessed the effect of high concentration at different stages of CVD ranging from atherosclerosis to stroke or myocardial infarction.…”

“…[16] We were inspired by certain recent studies on selective detection of Hcy using a different substrate such as fluorescein tri aldehyde, [20] nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots, etc. [8] We attempted the development of folic acid-incorporated nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (FA-NCDs) for the selective fluorescence detection of Hcy.…”

Recent advances in heteroatom-doped graphene quantum dots for sensing applications

“…110 Besides these metal ions, small organic molecules, proteins, and macromolecules also play very important roles in the biological, medical, and environmental systems. [111][112][113] There are various insecticides or pesticides etc. which affect the environment and their detection is needed.…”

Development of a colloidal gold strip assay for the detection of total homocysteine in serum samples

“…In recent years, with more attention being paid to cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and neurological diseases, an increasing number of methods have been developed to detect Hcy including HPLC-MS/MS, 11 electrochemical sensors, 12 fluorescent probes 13,14 and others. 15,16 HPLC-MS/MS is a classical accurate quantitative method, but it relies on complex instruments and skilled professionals for its operation. Sensor detection has good reproducibility and accuracy; however the service life of the device is short and the results are easily affected by environmental factors.…”