Selective impairment of topographical memory: a single case study

Whiteley, A. M.

doi:10.1093/neucas/2.6.521-ai

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Although this test can be used to diagnose topographical amnesia (e.g., Whiteley and Warrington, 1978;Habib and Sirigu, 1987), it involves recognizing photographs and does not require subjects to form a representation of large-scale space, thus enabling good performance solely in terms of the familiarity of the pictures or visual pattern matching. Jon's performance clearly dissociates such a test from more active tests of navigation and map drawing, suggesting the possibility that, while extrahippocampal medial temporal regions are sufficient for topographical recognition tests (perhaps the posterior parahippocampal cortex; see Epstein and Kanwisher, 1998), active navigation requires the hippocampus.…”

Section: Topographical Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Topographical memory was previously evaluated by observation of route learning (Habib and Sirigu, 1987;Katayama et al, 1999), landmark recognition (Whiteley and Warrington, 1978;Incisa della Rochetta et al, 1996;Maguire et al, 1996a;Katayama et al, 1999), route learning on a tabletop maze (Semmes et al, 1955;Milner, 1965;Bottini et al, 1990;Katayama et al, 1999), the ability to describe common routes (Incisa della Rochetta, 1996;Teng and Squire, 1998), view discrimination of the same building (Whiteley andWarrington, 1978, Suzuki et al, 1998), orientation and distance judgements (Maguire et al, 1996a, Teng andSquire, 1998), and map drawing (Habib and Sirigu, 1987;Bottini et al, 1990;Maguire et al, 1996a;Suzuki et al, 1998). Small-scale tasks such as remembering the spatial location of an object or stimulus on a tabletop or a display have also been applied to test allocentric spatial memory (Smith and Milner, 1981;Morris et al, 1996;Abrahams et al, 1997;Nunn et al, 1998;Bobhot et al, 1998;Holdstock et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bilateral hippocampal pathology impairs topographical and episodic memory but not visual pattern matching

et al. 2001

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A virtual reality environment was used to test memory performance for simulated "real-world" spatial and episodic information in a 22-year-old male, Jon, who has selective bilateral hippocampal pathology caused by perinatal anoxia. He was allowed to explore a large-scale virtual reality town and was then tested on his memory for spatial layout and for episodes experienced. Topographical memory was tested by assessing his ability to navigate, recognize previously visited locations, and draw maps of the town. Episodic memory was assessed by testing the retrieval of simulated events which consisted of collecting objects from characters while following a route through the virtual town. Memory for the identity of objects, as well as for where they were collected, from whom, and in what order, was also tested. While the first task tapped simple recognition memory, the latter three tested memory for context. Jon was impaired on all topographical tasks and on his recall of the context-dependent questions. However, his recognition of objects from the virtual town, and of "topographical" scenes (as evaluated by standard neuropsychological tests), was not impaired. These findings are consistent with the view that the hippocampus is involved in navigation, recall of long term allocentric spatial information and context-dependent episodic memory, but not visual pattern matching.

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Section: Topographical Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilateral hippocampal pathology impairs topographical and episodic memory but not visual pattern matching

et al. 2001

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“…Several studies have demonstrated impairment in topographic memory, and a dissociation has been claimed between the ability to recognize familiar landmarks (Whiteley & Warrington 1978;Incisa della Rocchetta et al 1996), sometimes leaving the capacity to describe well-known routes relatively intact, and the ability to describe routes with recognition landmarks relatively una¡ected (Pallis 1955;Paterson 1994). Sometimes patients can also describe routes and recognize landmarks but they still lose their way because landmarks no longer convey directional information (He¨caen et al 1980).…”

Section: M E N Ta L Nav Igat Ion a Long M E Mor I Z E D Rou T E Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Parietal and hippocampal contribution to topokinetic and topographic memory

Berthoz

1997

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

148

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This paper reviews the involvement of the parietal cortex and the hippocampus in three kinds of spatial memory tasks which all require a memory of a previously experienced movement in space. The ¢rst task compared, by means of positron emission tomography (PET) scan techniques, the production, in darkness, of self-paced saccades (SAC) with the reproduction, in darkness, of a previously learned sequence of saccades to visual targets (SEQ). The results show that a bilateral increase of activity was seen in the depth of the intraparietal sulcus and the medial superior parietal cortex (superior parietal gyrus and precuneus) together with the frontal sulcus but only in the SEQ task, which involved memory of the previously seen targets and possibly also motor memory.The second task is the vestibular memory contingent task, which requires that the subject makes, in darkness, a saccade to the remembered position of a visual target after a passively imposed whole-body rotation. De¢cits in this task, which involves vestibular memory , were found predominantly in patients with focal vascular lesions in the parieto-insular (vestibular) cortex, the supplementary motor areaŝ upplementary eye ¢eld area, and the prefrontal cortex.The third task requires mental navigation from the memory of a previously learned route in a real environment (the city of Orsay in France). A PET scan study has revealed that when subjects were asked to remember visual landmarks there was a bilateral activation of the middle hippocampal regions, left inferior temporal gyrus, left hippocampal regions, precentral gyrus and posterior cingulate gyrus. If the subjects were asked to remember the route, and their movements along this route, bilateral activation of the dorsolateral cortex, posterior hippocampal areas, posterior cingulate gyrus, supplementary motor areas, right middle hippocampal areas, left precuneus, middle occipital gyrus, fusiform gyrus and lateral premotor area was found. Subtraction between the two conditions reduced the activated areas to the left hippocampus, precuneus and insula.These data suggest that the hippocampus and parietal cortex are both involved in the dynamic aspects of spatial memory, for which the name`topokinetic memory' is proposed. These dynamic aspects could both overlap and be di¡erent from those involved in the cartographic and static aspects of`topographic' memory.

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“…For example, patients with damage to the posterior parietal cortex are impaired at representing locations of objects with respect to themselves (Stark, 1996;Aguirre and D'Esposito, 1999). Patients with damage to the occipitotemporal (Whiteley and Warrington, 1978;Aguirre et al, 1998) and/or the parahippocampal (Epstein et al, 2001;Mendez and Cherrier, 2003) regions have difficulties navigating due to poor recognition of previously familiar landmarks. Patients with damage to the retrosplenial cortex (RSC), although able to recognize familiar landmarks, are unable to encode and derive directional information from landmarks (e.g., the direction of a familiar location in relation to another familiar location; Takahashi et al, 1997;Aguirre and D'Esposito, 1999;Katayama et al, 1999;Maguire, 2001;Hashimoto et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Neural Basis for Developmental Topographic Disorientation

et al. 2015

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Developmental topographic disorientation (DTD) is a life-long condition in which affected individuals are severely impaired in navigating around their environment. Individuals with DTD have no apparent structural brain damage on conventional imaging and the neural mechanisms underlying DTD are currently unknown. Using functional and diffusion tensor imaging, we present a comprehensive neuroimaging study of an individual, J.N., with well defined DTD. J.N. has intact scene-selective responses in the parahippocampal place area (PPA), transverse occipital sulcus, and retrosplenial cortex (RSC), key regions associated with scene perception and navigation. However, detailed fMRI studies probing selective tuning properties of these regions, as well as functional connectivity, suggest that J.N.'s RSC has an atypical response profile and an atypical functional coupling to PPA compared with human controls. This deviant functional profile of RSC is not due to compromised structural connectivity. This comprehensive examination suggests that the RSC may play a key role in navigation-related processing and that an alteration of the RSC's functional properties may serve as the neural basis for DTD.

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Selective impairment of topographical memory: a single case study

Cited by 13 publications

References 6 publications

Bilateral hippocampal pathology impairs topographical and episodic memory but not visual pattern matching

Bilateral hippocampal pathology impairs topographical and episodic memory but not visual pattern matching

Parietal and hippocampal contribution to topokinetic and topographic memory

A Neural Basis for Developmental Topographic Disorientation

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