Selective Ion Sweeping on Prussian Blue Analogue Nanoparticles and Activated Carbon for Electrochemical Kinetic Energy Harvesting

Abstract

Kinetic energy is an ideal energy source for powering wearable devices or internet of things (IoTs) because of its abundant availability. Currently, most kinetic energy harvesting systems are based on friction or deformation, which require high-frequency motion or high material durability for sustainable energy harvesting. Here, we introduce selective ion sweeping in a hybrid cell consisting of an ionadsorbing activated carbon and an ion-hosting Prussian blue analogue nanoparticle for electrochemical kinetic energy harvesting. The flow of electrolyte induced by kinetic motion of the cell causes ion sweeping only on the surface of the supercapacitor and induces current flow between the supercapacitor and the battery electrode. This method exhibits 24.9 μW cm −2 as maximum power of system with 34 Ω load in half-cell test, which is several thousand times smaller than the load used in conventional methods. In a long-term test with full cell, this method supplies a continuous current flow ∼6 μA cm −2 at the flow of 40 mL min −1 for 500 cycles without performance decay. The prototype of the hybrid cell demonstrated kinetic energy harvesting from bare hand press with the various flow speeds from 0.41 to 1.39 cm s −1 as well as walking, running, and door closing, which are representative examples of low-frequency kinetic motions in daily life. We believe that the simple structure of the hybrid cell will enable power supply to various applications from miniaturized systems (e.g., IoTs and wearables) to large-scale systems (e.g., ocean wave energy harvesting).

Two Dimensional Silicene Nanosheets: A New Choice of Electrode Material for High-Performance Supercapacitor

“…Sustainable, efficient, and economical electrochemical energy storage technologies are efficient to power electric vehicles and satisfy the ever-increasing demand for electronic devices. − Two-dimensional (2D) materials possessing an ultrathin conductive structure, superior electrochemical stability, and tunable electronic properties have exhibited excellent application potential in many fields such as catalysis, battery, supercapacitor, sensor, separation technology, and bioengineering. − Thus, the electrode based on 2D materials such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides as well as MXenes, borophene, arsenene, antimonene, germanene, phosphorene, and stanine are regarded to endow an electrochemical actuation property. It is found that the inherent advantages of 2D materials not only afford fabulous reactivity but also accelerate ion diffusion during repeated charge–discharge process.…”

Surpassing water-splitting potential in aqueous redox flow batteries: insights from kinetics and thermodynamics

“…,) as well as water molecules. 190–193 Fig. 11d depicts the visualization of PBA as a host structure supporting the concept.…”

Understanding Synthesis–Structure–Performance Correlations of Nanoarchitectured Activated Carbons for Electrochemical Applications and Carbon Capture

“…The systems could effectively harvest energy from manual pressing, walking, or running, which generated a current of approximately 6 μA cm –2 at an electrolyte flow rate of 40 mL min –1 over 500 cycles (Figure 14l–o). [ 333 ] The Lu group fabricated a K‐ion capacitor using commercial activated carbon, soft carbon, and potassium bis(fluoro‐sulfonyl)imide/dimethyl ether as the cathode, anode, and electrolyte, respectively, which had superior energy/power densities of 120 Wh kg –1 /599 W kg –1 and 1500 stable cycles (Figure 14p,q). [ 334 ] The Passerini group developed novel prototypes of Na/K‐ion capacitors using graphite as battery‐based anodes (reversibly intercalating solvated Na + /K + species) and activated carbons as capacitive‐based cathodes (storing/releasing anions).…”

“…l–o) Reproduced with permission. [ 333 ] Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society. p,q) Reproduced with permission.…”