Surpassing water-splitting potential in aqueous redox flow batteries: insights from kinetics and thermodynamics

Abstract

Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries (AQRFBs) with non-flammable electrolytes are recognized for their inherent safety, eco-friendliness and represent promising large-scale energy storage systems. Further, the unique architecture of this battery technology...

Theoretical Understanding of the Structure–Property Relationship of Oxygen-Doped Gallium Selenide as an Efficient Photocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

“…4−6 The photochemical HER is generally easier to achieve 7 because it has a lower thermodynamic overpotential, making it relatively more energetically and kinetically favorable. 8,9 However, this photocatalytic water-splitting reaction often suffers from substantial energy losses due to high overpotentials related primarily to the photochemical OER. 1,10−12 Precious metal-based compounds such as RuO 2 13,14 and IrO x 15 are considered as the most efficient photocatalysts nowadays for OER.…”

“…Providing adequate supply for growing energy demand while keeping low greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity in the 21st century. − Water is abundant, and its major splitting reaction producthydrogenis a source of clean energy to replace carbon-based fuels. By utilizing solar energy, the water splitting reaction can be photocatalyzed via two complementary half-chemical processes, namely, the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). − The photochemical HER is generally easier to achieve because it has a lower thermodynamic overpotential, making it relatively more energetically and kinetically favorable. , However, this photocatalytic water-splitting reaction often suffers from substantial energy losses due to high overpotentials related primarily to the photochemical OER. ,− Precious metal-based compounds such as RuO 2 , and IrO x are considered as the most efficient photocatalysts nowadays for OER. However, the scarcity and high cost of these rare metals severely limit widespread applications and thus necessitate the development of more economical and viable alternatives.…”