Commercialization of CH 4 valorization processes is currently hampered by the lack of suitable catalysts, which should be active, selective, and stable. CH 4 oxychlorination is one of the promising routes to directly functionalize CH 4 , and lanthanidebased catalysts show great potential for this reaction, although relatively little is known about their functioning. In this work, a set of lanthanide oxychlorides (i.e., LnOCl with Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, and Ho) and Er-and Yb-based catalysts were synthesized, characterized, and tested. All lanthanide-based catalysts can directly activate CH 4 into chloromethanes, but their catalytic properties differ significantly. EuOCl shows the most promising catalytic activity and selectivity, as very high conversion levels (>30%) and chloromethane selectivity values (>50%) can be reached at moderate reaction temperatures (∼425 °C). Operando Raman spectroscopy revealed that the chlorination of the EuOCl catalyst surface is rate-limiting; hence, increasing the HCl concentration improves the catalytic performance. The CO selectivity could be suppressed from 30 to 15%, while the CH 4 conversion more than doubled from 11 to 24%, solely by increasing the HCl concentration from 10 to 60% at 450 °C. Even though more catalysts reported in this study and in the literature show a negative correlation between the S CO and HCl concentration, this effect was never as substantial as observed for EuOCl. EuOCl has promising properties to bring the oxychlorination one step closer to an economically viable CH 4 valorization process.