Selective Mutism and Social Anxiety Disorder: All in the Family?

Chavira, Denise A.; Shipon-Blum, Elisa; Hitchcock, Carla A.; Cohan, Sharon L.; Stein, Murray B.

doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e318149366a

Cited by 96 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The close relation between SM and social anxiety is evident, as comorbidity is high. Both share diagnostic similarities and a family history of children with SM shows an increased prevalence for both disorders [44], but the nature of this link still remains to be clarified. In particular, similarity to childhood SP, formerly avoidant disorder of childhood [13], whose early onset of social anxiety is primarily triggered by unfamiliarity, seems self-evident.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Mutism: The Fraternal Twin of Childhood Social Phobia

et al. 2016

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Background: Selective mutism (SM) is an anxiety disorder with a close link to childhood social phobia (SP). Our studies compare behavioral problem profiles in children and adolescents with SM and SP and control groups and assess the comorbidity patterns of SM and SP. Methods: Participants aged 3-18 years with SM (n = 95), SP (n = 74) and internalizing disorders (INT, n = 46) and a typically developing control group (CG, n = 119) were assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL); adolescents were additionally assessed with the Youth Self-Report (YSR). Comorbidity was assessed in SM and SP participants with a diagnostic interview. Results: SP was detected in 94% of children with SM. SM participants showed different behavioral and psychiatric symptoms than SP: they were more frequently affected by lifetime separation anxiety disorder (SM: 45%, SP: 26%) and oppositional defiant disorder (SM: 22%, SP: 5%), and less by generalized anxiety disorder (SM: 6%, SP: 20%) and major depression (SM: 12%, SP: 26%). Adolescents with SM showed high rates of agoraphobia (SM 27%; SP 10%) and more social problems (YSR), and were more withdrawn (CBCL, YSR) than those with SP alone. Specific behavioral problems of SM and SP compared to INT and CG were observed. Conclusion: SM and SP represent separate but closely related disorders, distinct from other INT and CG, with specific patterns of lifetime comorbidities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Mutism: The Fraternal Twin of Childhood Social Phobia

et al. 2016

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“…SAD and SM were present in 70 and 37% of first-degree relatives, respectively. [101] In another study, [112] relative to controls, parents of children with SM had higher rates of lifetime GSAD (37 versus 14%) and AVPD (18 versus 5%), but these group differences only held for fathers. In yet another study, positive family histories of psychopathology (but not specifically SAD or SM) occurred in 39% of cases.…”

Section: Is Selective Mutism a Form Of Sad?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[26] Likewise, both SAD and AVPD showed increased rates in the parents of children with SM versus controls. [112] A large epidemiological sample of individuals with SAD, AVPD, or both, found an increased risk for excessive social anxiety in the relatives. [158] However, the risk did not differ by probands'' diagnosis, so the authors concluded that SAD and AVPD represented ''a dimension of social anxiety rather than separate disorders'' (p 289).…”

Section: Social Anxiety Disorder Versus Avoidant Personality Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Social anxiety disorder: questions and answers for the DSM-V

et al. 2010

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Background: This review evaluates the DSM-IV criteria of social anxiety disorder (SAD), with a focus on the generalized specifier and alternative specifiers, the considerable overlap between the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for SAD and avoidant personality disorder, and developmental issues. Method: A literature review was conducted, using the validators provided by the DSM-V Spectrum Study Group. This review presents a number of options and preliminary recommendations to be considered for DSM-V. Results/Conclusions: Little supporting evidence was found for the current specifier, generalized SAD. Rather, the symptoms of individuals with SAD appear to fall along a continuum of severity based on the number of fears. Available evidence suggested the utility of a specifier indicating a ''predominantly performance'' variety of SAD. A specifier based on ''fear of showing anxiety symptoms'' (e.g., blushing) was considered. However, a tendency to show anxiety symptoms is a core fear in SAD, similar to acting or appearing in a certain way. More research is needed before considering subtyping SAD based on core fears. SAD was found to be a valid diagnosis in children and adolescents. Selective mutism could be considered in part as a young child's avoidance response to social fears. Pervasive test anxiety may belong not only to SAD, but also to generalized anxiety disorder. The data are equivocal regarding whether to consider avoidant personality disorder simply a severe form of SAD. Secondary data analyses, field trials, and validity tests are needed to investigate the recommendations and options. Depression and Anxiety 27:168-189, 2010. Key words: DSM-V; social anxiety disorder; social phobia; subtypes; classification; interpersonal; performance; test anxiety; selective mutism; avoidant personality disorder INTRODUCTIONThis review evaluates several issues pertaining to the diagnostic criteria for social phobia or social anxiety disorder (SAD) (Table 1), in light of empirical evidence gathered since DSM-IV. The review was guided by questions posed in the DSM-IV Sourcebook (Vol. 2), chapters titled ''Social phobia'' [1] and ''Social phobia subtypes,''[2] a review conducted as part of the DSM-V Stress Induced and Fear Circuitry Disorders Workgroup Conference, titled ''Social Phobia: Towards DSM V, '' [3] by questions posed by the DSM-V Anxiety, OC Spectrum, Posttraumatic, and Dissociative Disorder Work Group and by issues raised by consulted experts and advisors. The main issues to be addressed are the generalized specifier and its alternatives, the overlap with avoidant personality disorder, and developmental issues including the relationship that SAD shows in childhood with selective mutism (SM) and test anxiety. STATEMENT OF THE ISSUESThis review addresses the following questions, using the validators provided by the DSM-V Task Force: (1) What is the evidence/utility of the DSM-IV generalized specifier? If there is insufficient evidence/utility for a generalized specifier, what is the utility/evidence for alternative sub...

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“…Soziale Ängstlichkeit ist das wohl am häufigsten mit SM assoziierten psychische Phä-nomen (siehe etwa Black & Uhde, 1995;Cohan et al, 2008;Dummit et al, 1997;Kristensen, häufigste Diagnose ist (Andersson & Thomsen, 1998;Bergman et al, 2002;Black & Uhde, 1995;Chavira et al, 2007;Cunningham, McHolm & Boyle, 2006;Kristensen, 2000;Manassis et al, 2007;Vecchio & Kearney, 2005;Yeganeh, Beidel & Turner, 2006 (Yeganeh et al, 2006;Yeganeh, Beidel, Turner, Pina & Silverman, 2003). In einer ersten Studie (Yeganeh et al, 2003) In allen Studien wird deutlich, dass soziale Ängstlichkeit bei einer Vielzahl von Kindern mit SM ein komorbides Phänomen darstellt.…”

Section: Soziale äNgstlichkeitunclassified

Selektiver Mutismus bei mehrsprachigen Kindern

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2018

Sprache Stimme Gehör

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Selective Mutism and Social Anxiety Disorder: All in the Family?

Cited by 96 publications

References 37 publications

Selective Mutism: The Fraternal Twin of Childhood Social Phobia

Selective Mutism: The Fraternal Twin of Childhood Social Phobia

Social anxiety disorder: questions and answers for the DSM-V

Selektiver Mutismus bei mehrsprachigen Kindern

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