Selective transport of soil organic and inorganic carbon in eroded sediment in response to raindrop sizes and inflow rates in rainstorms

Wang, L.; Huang, Xudong; Fang, Nianqiao; Niu, Y.H.; Wang, Tianwei; Shi, Zhihua

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.05.033

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…We found a positive correlation between organic C and clay and a negative relationship between organic C and sand (Vos et al., 2019). Previous studies have found that organic matter can be combined with finer soil particles into an organic–inorganic complex, or agglomerate, which increases the chemical binding capacity and chemical stability of the organic material, reduces the mineralization loss of the organic material, and enriches the organic material of soil particles (Koiter et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2019; Zhen, Ping, Ming, & Jun, 2005). As a result, organic C increases with the increase of powder and clay particles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Researchers have studied the spatial and temporal distribution (Liu, Li, Nie, et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2019), stability, and mineralization of SOC (Novara et al., 2019). During water erosion, SOCL can be influenced by rainfall, terrain, soil, fertilizer use, tillage methods, surface cover, and land use (Drake et al., 2020; Ma et al., 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sediment and soil organic carbon loss during continuous extreme scouring events on the Loess Plateau

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2020

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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The frequency of extreme hydrological events highlights the need to establish an empirical model of soil organic carbon (SOC) loss based on hydraulic characteristics. This model would aid in understanding and mitigating excessive SOC loss (SOCL) on the Loess Plateau, where severe erosion occurs. To construct such a model, we established five study plots of similar slope in the Loess Plateau: four experimental vegetation successional communities and one bare land control. An in situ field scouring experiment was carried out to measure and analyze soil erosion, hydraulic parameters, and SOCL. The first scour saw the greatest increase in sediment concentration (0.007 g ml−1) and sediment amount (2.886 kg) and the most significant SOC loss (8.361 g). Further scouring in each plot decreased total SOCL. The factors affecting SOCL included soil erodibility (median particle size, sediment concentration, total sediment loss, SOC concentration, total SOCL) and hydrodynamics (runoff depth, power, velocity, and shear force), which accounted for 93 and 29% of SOCL. Flow velocity, especially 2 m from the bottom of the transition section (L2), was most closely correlated to SOC concentration (0.681; P < .05). Flow velocity affects selective migration of sand in sediment, thus affecting SOC concentration. We based our sediment and SOCL model on observed hydrodynamics, including V2 (flow velocity at L2) in said model. Predicted values supported measured values more precisely (R2 > .98). Our findings and developed model aid in predicting SOCL on slopes during severe erosion events.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediment and soil organic carbon loss during continuous extreme scouring events on the Loess Plateau

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2020

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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“…These results totally agree with those observed in vineyards [39] and olive groves [40] managed with temporary CC, where the positive effect of CC on soil erosion control declined after mowing or application of herbicides. On the other hand, low-intensity erosive events detach fine soil particles, which gather most SOM [41], whereas high-intensity erosive events detach and transport sediment particles of all sizes [42], including sand and rocks that are poor in SOM. The combined effect of preferential soil particle size remobilized during the distinct rainfall events and the temporal changes in ground cover explains the temporal pattern of OM concentration in the sediment.…”

Section: Organic Matter Content In the Sediment Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Cover Crops to Reduce Loss of Soil Organic Matter in a Rainfed Vineyard

López‐Vicente

Calvo-Seas²,

Álvarez

et al. 2020

Land

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Cover crops (CCs) minimize the loss of soil in permanent cropping systems where the soil is usually bare due to intense tillage or overuse of herbicides. The topsoil, the richer layer in soil organic carbon and organic matter (OM), is affected by water erosion. Nature-based solutions appear as a suitable option for sustainable farming. In this study, the effectiveness of two years of CC management to reduce the OM loss is evaluated in a rainfed vineyard in a rolling landscape (Huesca, NE Spain). Two sediment traps collected runoff over 15 months. Topsoil OM contents (1.64% and 1.60%) and sediment/soil OM enrichment ratio (2.61 and 3.07) were similar. However, the average annual rate of OM loss was 3.6 times higher in the plot with lower vegetation cover than in the plot with CCs (1.29 vs. 0.35 kgOM ha−1 yr−1). The concentration of OMSed showed a negative relationship with the net soil loss; and significant differences appeared between the OMSed in the months with low and moderate-to-high ground cover. CCs are an excellent nature-based solution to control the unsustainable soil and OM losses measured in vineyards, which will contribute to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations.

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“…Before packing the next soil layer, the surface of the lower soil layer was craped gently to diminish the discontinuity between the two soil layers. A similar packing procedure was used in previous studies (Kiani-Harchegani et al 2018Wang et al 2019;Quan et al 2020). The soil layers were packed to a bulk density of approximately 1.2 g cm À3 to simulate those found in the field.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle size characteristics of sediment by sheet erosion and their responses to related parameters on a Loess hillslope: a plot-scale study

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2022

Hydrology Research

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Particle size distribution (PSD) of sediment by sheet erosion not only indicates erosion behaviors, but also provides a basis for potential nutrient losses. PSDs are significantly influenced by topographic, rainfall, and associate runoff characteristics, such as rainfall intensity (I), rainfall kinetic energy (KE), slope gradient (S), runoff velocity (v), and stream power (Ω), while their effects have not been fully understood so far. To fill this research gap, in this study, simulated rainfall experiments were conducted to investigate the characteristics of effective and ultimate PSDs of sediments, as well as their responses to related parameters, under five levels of I and S. The results showed that (1) for effective PSDs, there was a significant enrichment of clay-sized and silt-sized fractions (P<2μm and P2–50μm) in sediment (percentage range: 12.11–20.64% and 57.09–65.94%), whereas there was a depletion of sand-sized fractions (P50–250μm and P250–2000μm). The ultimate PSDs of sediment were, however, similar to the soil matrix under experimental conditions. (2) With an increase in I and S, P<2μm and P2–50μm decreased exponentially or logarithmically, and P50–250μm and P>250μm increased correspondingly. The contribution rates (PCs) of the effect of I on clay-, silt-, fine-sand-, and coarse-sand-sized fractions in sediment were 23.44, 35.45, 29.09, and 56.82%, respectively, whereas the PCs of that of S were 56.54, 24.42, 59.89, and 31.47%, respectively, indicating that S plays a more pivotal role in influencing P<2μm and P50–250μm, whereas P2–50μm and P>250μm were more sensitive to I than to S. (3) The aggregation ratio (AR) for the fractions of different sizes indicated that clay-sized particles tend to be transported as aggregates, while silt-sized particles tend to be transported as primary particles. A higher I or steeper S leads to a larger proportion of particles being transported as aggregates. (4) KE, Ω, and unit stream power (U) were the most correlated parameters influencing effective PSDs. Equations were finally established using KE, Ω, and U to predict the effective PSDs of sediment by sheet erosion. This study can further the understanding of the sheet erosion process and provide a scientific basis for the establishment of a sheet erosion model.

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Selective transport of soil organic and inorganic carbon in eroded sediment in response to raindrop sizes and inflow rates in rainstorms

Cited by 26 publications

References 72 publications

Sediment and soil organic carbon loss during continuous extreme scouring events on the Loess Plateau

Sediment and soil organic carbon loss during continuous extreme scouring events on the Loess Plateau

Effectiveness of Cover Crops to Reduce Loss of Soil Organic Matter in a Rainfed Vineyard

Particle size characteristics of sediment by sheet erosion and their responses to related parameters on a Loess hillslope: a plot-scale study

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