Selective Vapor Permeation Behavior of Crosslinked PAMPS Membranes

Abstract

The effect of crosslinking on vapor permeation behavior of polyelectrolyte membranes was studied. Poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS) membranes were crosslinked by using crosslinkers with different lengths between the reactive ends. Crosslinked membranes with a longer crosslinking length showed lower water vapor permeability due to the lower sorption coefficient. It was also shown that the permeation behavior of PAMPS membranes was more affected by sorption than diffusion. For chemical protection applications, the ratio of water over chemical warfare agent permeability (i.e., selectivity) was measured. Due to the high water solubility of polyelectrolytes, crosslinked PAMPS allowed for the selective permeation of water over harmful chemical vapor, showing a selectivity of 20. The addition of electrospun nylon nanofibers in the membranes significantly improved the selectivity to 80, since the embedded nanofibers effectively reduced both diffusion and sorption coefficients of chemical warfare agents.

Heterogeneous Brønsted Catalysis in the Solvent-Free and Multigram-Scale Synthesis of Polyalcohol Acrylates: The Case Study of Trimethylolpropane Triacrylate

“…Of particular interest among industrially produced esters are the polyalcohol acrylates, as illustrated in Figure 1. These acrylic monomers find extensive usage owing to their distinctive properties and reactivity (for use examples: TMPTA [9], PETA [10], TPGDA [11], TEGDA [12], DEGDA [13], and DPnBTA [14]). Several prevalent applications encompass their utility as crosslinking agents in formulating coatings, adhesives, and inks alongside serving as hydrophilic additives and adhesion promoters [15,16].…”

“…General assessments of homogeneous and heterogeneous Brønsted acid catalysts suggest that homogeneous ones exhibit greater activity, leading to higher acid conversion and product yield under comparable conditions. Nonetheless, although diffusion These acrylic monomers find extensive usage owing to their distinctive properties and reactivity (for use examples: TMPTA [9], PETA [10], TPGDA [11], TEGDA [12], DEGDA [13], and DPnBTA [14]). Several prevalent applications encompass their utility as crosslinking agents in formulating coatings, adhesives, and inks alongside serving as hydrophilic additives and adhesion promoters [15,16].…”

“…Scheme 1 illustrates the synthesis of TMPTA as a representative member within this product family, via intermediate species TMPMA and TMPDA, featuring one and two esterified sites, respectively. These acrylic monomers find extensive usage owing to their distinctive properties and reactivity (for use examples: TMPTA [9], PETA [10], TPGDA [11], TEGDA [12], DEGDA [13], and DPnBTA [14]). Several prevalent applications encompass their utility as crosslinking agents in formulating coatings, adhesives, and inks alongside serving as hydrophilic additives and adhesion promoters [15,16].…”

Synthesis of Poly(2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid) and its Block Copolymers with Methyl Methacrylate and 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate by Quasiliving Radical Polymerization Catalyzed by a Cyclometalated Ruthenium(II) Complex

“…Moreover, they are used in a wide range of industrial products such as cosmetics, coatings and adhesives, amongst others [ 7 ]. Homo- and copolymers of this monomer have been synthesized straightforwardly by free radical polymerization [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. However, it is well known that it is nearly impossible to obtain predetermined molecular weights through the conventional radical mechanism due to chain termination reactions [ 11 ].…”