Dysfunction of monoamine neurotransmission seems to contribute to such pathopsychological states as depression, schizophrenia, and drug abuse. The present study examined the effects of the selective serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and antidepressant fluvoxamine on locomotor activity in rats following administration of the catecholamine reuptake inhibitor mazindol. Mazindol (1 mg/kg) did not alter locomotor activity; whereas, fluvoxamine (20 mg/kg) given alone induced a brief period of hypomotility. Hyperactivity was elicited in a doserelated manner when fluvoxamine (5-20 mg/kg) was combined with mazindol (1 mg/kg). The hyperactivity elicited by fluvoxamine (20 mg/kg) Several lines of evidence suggest that dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-hydroxy tryptamine; 5-HT) interact in the central nervous system and that dysfunction of these neurotransmitters may contribute to such pathopsychological states as depression, schizophrenia, and drug abuse (Kahn and Davidson 1993;Kosten et al. 1998). The 5-HT-containing cell bodies of the dorsal raphe nucleus project to DA cell bodies of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra (SN), and to their terminal fields in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc), and striatum (Hervé et al. 1987;Steinbush et al. 1981; Van der Kooy and Hattori 1980). The precise nature of the interaction between 5-HT and DA has been difficult to elucidate, with both inhibitory and excitatory roles for 5-HT identified with respect to the neural activity of DA neurons and the release of DA. For example, electrophysiological studies in vivo suggest an inhibitory influence of 5-HT on DA cell bodies of the VTA and SN (Prisco et al. 1994;Kelland et al. 1990), and 5-HT inhibits DA release from striatal slices (Ennis et al. 1981;Westfall and Tittermary 1982). On the other hand, in vivo microdialysis studies consistently demonstrate that local infusion of 5-HT increases DA efflux in the PFC, NAc, and striatum (Benloucif et al. NO . 3 1993; Gobert and Millan 1999; Iyer and Bradberry 1996;Parsons and Justice 1993), possibly through stimulation of one or more of the 14 5-HT receptor subtypes characterized to date (Barnes and Sharp 1999).The behavioral importance of 5-HT and DA interactions has been difficult to define. Much of this research has focused on modifications of behaviors evoked by enhanced DA neurotransmission consequent to psychostimulant administration. In early studies, reductions and enhancements of the locomotor stimulatory effects of cocaine (Scheel-Kruger et al. 1976) and amphetamine (Geyer et al. 1976) were reported following increased 5-HT synthesis or depletion of 5-HT, respectively. These and similar findings generated the hypothesis that 5-HT plays an inhibitory role in DA-mediated behavior. On the other hand, systemic administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) potentiated hyperactivity induced by amphetamine or cocaine in rats (Herges and Taylor 1998;Sills et al. 1999aSills et al. , 1999b, but not in mice (Arn...