Selectively increasing of polyunsaturated (18:2) and monounsaturated (18:1) fatty acids in Jatropha curcas seed oil by crystallization using D-optimal design

Abstract

BackgroundThis study was done to obtain concentrated polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) linoleic acid (LA; 18:2) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) oleic acid (OA; 18:1) from Jatropha curcas seed oil by urea complexation. Urea complexation is a method used by researchers to separate fatty acids (FAs) based on their molecular structure. Effects the ratio of urea-to-FAs, crystallization temperature and crystallization time on the final products of urea complexation were examined. D-optimal Design was employed to study the significance of these factors and the optimum conditions for the technique were predicted and verified.ResultsOptimum conditions of the experiment to obtain maximum concentration of LA were predicted at urea-to-FAs ratio (w/w) of 5:1, crystallization temperature of −10°C and 24 h of crystallization time. Under these conditions, the final non-urea complex fraction (NUCF) was predicted to contain 92.81% of LA with the NUCF yield of 7.8%. The highest percentage of OA (56.01%) was observed for samples treated with 3:1 urea-to-FAs ratio (w/w) at 10°C for 16 h. The lowest percentage of LA (8.13%) was incorporated into urea complex fraction (UCF) with 1:1 urea-to-FAs ratio (w/w) at 10°C for 8 h.ConclusionsThe separation of PUFA (LA) and MUFA (OA) described here. Experimental variables should be carefully controlled in order to recover a maximum content of PUFA and MUFA of interest with reasonable yield% with a desirable purity of fatty acid of interest.

Optimization of nickel oxide nanoparticle synthesis through the sol–gel method using Box–Behnken design

“…Additionally, the appropriate choice of factor levels played an important role in the optimization of the synthesis and particle size prediction as reported earlier [22]. which showed spherical shape with almost particle size of 14±1 nm as given in Fig.…”

A highly efficient separation and physicochemical characteristics of saturated fatty acids from crude palm oil fatty acids mixture using methanol crystallisation method

“…Several methods used for the separation of fatty acids have been reported with varied yields, such as adsorption chromatography (Maddikeri et al, 2012), enzymatic splitting (Kempers et al, 2013), molecular distillation (Cermak et al, 2012), low-temperature crystallisation (Brown and Kolb, 1955), urea complexation (Salimon et al, 2012), and fractional crystallisation from solvents (Strohmeier et al, 2014). However, the simplest and most efficient separation for obtaining SFAs concentrates as free fatty acids are fractional crystallisation from solvents.…”

Synthesis and optimization ring opening of monoepoxide linoleic acid using p-toluenesulfonic acid

“…The goodness of fit of the model was evaluated by the coefficient of determination R 2 and the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Response surfaces and contour plots were developed using the fitted quadratic polynomial equations obtained from RSREG analysis and holding the independent variables with the least effect on the response at two constant values and changing the levels of the other two variables (Salimon et al 2012b). …”