Selenium deficiency and the dynamics of changes of thyroid profile in patients with acute myocardial infarction and chronic heart failure

Abstract

may benefit from Se supplementation. Dietary Se intake varies worldwide from 7 μg to 4990 μg per day. The mean value in Europe is 40 μg per day and in the United States, 93 μg per day (in women) to 134 μg per day (in men). Nutritional products that are rich in Se are Brazil nuts, offal, seafood, cereals, and grains. [1][2][3][4] Oxidative stress caused by the insufficient antioxidant dietary intake and improper balance INTRODUCTION Selenium (Se) is a micronutrient important for human health. It is incorporated as selenocysteine at the active site of 25 selenoproteins, for example, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), iodothyronine deiodinases, selenoprotein P, thioredoxin reductase, selenoprotein S, and other. Due to the U -shaped dose -response relationship, toxic concentrations of Se may be harmful, which is why only people with low Se levels

The Impact of Selenium Deficiency on Cardiovascular Function

“…Since the discovery of Se involvement in Keshan’s Disease more than fifty years ago [ 2 , 23 , 93 ], the knowledge of the involvement of Se in cardiovascular diseases has expanded significantly. Se is now known to participate in a host of different cardiovascular disorders, including myocardial infarction, heart failure, cardiomyopathies, atherosclerosis, and coronary heart disease, as Se deficiency is associated with increased risk of these cardiovascular diseases [ 4 , 5 , 30 , 99 , 117 ]. Therefore, it is unsurprising that Se supplementation has been explored as a potential therapeutic to treat several of these cardiovascular disorders when they are linked to a deficient intake status for Se.…”

“…It is therefore unsurprising that several studies have focused on Se supplementation to mitigate cardiovascular disease despite mixed results, likely due to a host of factors, including the different pharmacokinetics of various forms of Se, the range and duration of treatment, and whether Se was used alone or in combination with another therapy. Among the cardiovascular conditions that have employed Se supplementation in an attempt to mitigate the disease pathogenesis in animal/cell models or clinically, include all-cause cardiovascular mortality [ 94 ], peripartum cardiomyopathy [ 95 ], I/R injury [ 96 , 97 ], atherosclerosis [ 98 ], and coronary heart disease [ 99 ]. More rigorous studies are needed to determine solely the effects of Se supplementation on specific cardiovascular mechanisms and prognostic outcomes.…”

“…It is unknown whether a longer course of SeMet treatment would eventually improve the LVEF; however, the results suggest that heart failure was somewhat mitigated in the Se-supplemented group. Similarly, there have been multiple randomized controlled trials using different forms of Se to mitigate coronary heart disease with mixed results [ 99 ]. Meta-analysis of these studies revealed that Se supplementation decreased serum C-reactive protein levels and elevated GPX1, but it had no effect on mortality from coronary heart disease, nor did it alter any lipid profiles.…”

The association between serum selenium concentration and prognosis in patients with heart failure in a Chinese population

“…The important consideration is the possible benefit from Se homeostasis maintenance to improve the high prevalence of malnutrition and poor prognosis in patients with HF 21 . Although the decreased Se level was frequent in patients with HF compared to health controls 12 , 22 , 23 , the definitely correlation between this reduction and long-term survival was not well-established. Recently, an European multinational prospective cohort study revealed a 20.4% of Se deficiency among 2516 worsening HF patients, and found this deficiency in HF patients is independently associated with impaired exercise tolerance and a 50% higher mortality rate 13 .…”

Thyroid function in patients with selenium deficiency exhibits high free T4 to T3 ratio

“…In Japan, the deaths of some patients with selenium deficiency have been attributed to heart failure (11). Franczek-Jucha et al (17) reported that patients complicated with myocardial infarction and heart failure presented remarkably lower levels of serum selenium, FT3, and FT3/FT4 ratio than those in the control group. Moreover, the study suggested a weak correlation between serum selenium and FT4 as well as FT3 levels.…”