Self-administration of estrogen and dihydrotestosterone in male hamsters

DiMeo, Anita N.; Wood, Ruth I.

doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2005.11.003

Cited by 29 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…Somewhat surprisingly, we observed lower levels of operant responding when hamsters selfadministered both DHT and E2 together [51]. From these data, it is tempting to speculate that the reinforcing effects of androgens and estrogens may be mediated by different and possibly antagonistic mechanisms.…”

Section: • Can't Beat the Real Thing: Reinforcing Effects Of Aas Vs Tmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Probably. At present, reinforcing effects of androgens have been demonstrated in mice (CPP [7,8]), rats (CPP, iv and icv self-administration [3,45,62,63,87,95,123,124,144,150,155,185] and hamsters (oral, iv, icv self-administration [11,50,51,86,131,132,176,184,185]); there is no evidence for substantial species differences. Males of most laboratory rodent species are highly sensitive to gonadal steroids for expression of sexual behavior and aggression [79,114].…”

Section: A Few Provisos a Couple Of Quid Pro Quosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A typical steroid user might begin using oral steroids and progress to the more potent injectable androgens, perhaps supplemented with transdermal testosterone preparations [168]. In hamsters and rats, we have demonstrated AAS selfadministration orally [85,184], and by iv [185] or icv injection [11,50,51,131,132,176,185]. It is unlikely that animals would voluntarily self-administer steroids by im injection (even steroid users acknowledge that the injections are painful), and it seems unfeasible to test transdermal self-administration in furry animals.…”

Section: A Few Provisos a Couple Of Quid Pro Quosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rats in an operant chamber respond vigorously for iv heroin [41] or cocaine [19,107]. In contrast, by oral [85,184], iv [185] or icv selfadministration [11,50,51,185], rats and hamsters show only a modest preference for testosterone. Similar results have been observed for oral [46] and iv [134] corticosterone selfadministration in rats at comparable doses.…”

Section: • the Bottom Line: What Have We Learned?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As demonstrated either by CPP in rats [144] or icv self-administration in hamsters [51], DHT is reinforcing at doses comparable to those for testosterone reward ( Figure 6). Estradiol is also reinforcing, as determined by icv self-administration in male hamsters [51] and CPP in female rats [87]. However, compared with DHT or testosterone, the doses for estradiol reinforcement are much lower.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anabolic–androgenic steroid dependence? Insights from animals and humans

Wood

2008

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology

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Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are drugs of abuse. They are taken in large quantities by athletes and others to increase performance, with negative health consequences. As a result, in 1991 testosterone and related AAS were declared controlled substances. However, the relative abuse and dependence liability of AAS have not been fully characterized. In humans, it is difficult to separate the direct psychoactive effects of AAS from reinforcement due to their systemic anabolic effects. However, using conditioned place preference and self-administration, studies in animals have demonstrated that AAS are reinforcing in a context where athletic performance is irrelevant. Furthermore, AAS share brain sites of action and neurotransmitter systems in common with other drugs of abuse. In particular, recent evidence links AAS with opioids. In humans, AAS abuse is associated with prescription opioid use. In animals, AAS overdose produces symptoms resembling opioid overdose, and AAS modify the activity of the endogenous opioid system. KeywordsAnabolic agents; Testosterone; self-administration; hamsters; drug dependence • Breakfast of champions: Recent history and prevalence of AAS useAnabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are a hot topic. A search of the Google news archive in March 2007 reveals 47,500 news stories on "steroids" in 2006, a 400% increase since their debut in the archive in 2002. In 2006, "steroids" even surpassed trend-setters such as "Paris Hilton" (38,500 stories) or "spinach" (42,700 stories). Current media attention on AAS abuse has been driven by accusations of steroid use among professional athletes in baseball, track, and cycling. However, public recognition of AAS use in sports dates back nearly 20 years, when Ben Johnson tested positive for stanozolol at the Seoul Olympics in 1988 [77]. Eastern Block athletes had been using steroids since the 1950's, and the International Olympic Committee banned steroid use from Olympic competition in 1976. However, the ability to reliably detect androgen metabolites in urine samples was limited until the advent of gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy [89]. Johnson's drug test spurred the United States Congress to pass the Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 1991 which declared steroids as Address all reprint requests and correspondence to Ruth I. Wood, Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, 1333 San Pablo St., BMT 401, Los Angeles, CA 90033. Telephone (323) 442-1980, Fax: (323) 442-3466, e-mail: riw@usc.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain....

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Section: • Can't Beat the Real Thing: Reinforcing Effects Of Aas Vs Tmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: A Few Provisos a Couple Of Quid Pro Quosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Few Provisos a Couple Of Quid Pro Quosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: • the Bottom Line: What Have We Learned?mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anabolic–androgenic steroid dependence? Insights from animals and humans

Wood

2008

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology

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136

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Dissociating Behavioral, Autonomic, and Neuroendocrine Effects of Androgen Steroids in Animal Models

Kohtz

Frye

2011

Methods in Molecular Biology

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Developments in behavioral assessment, autonomic and/or baseline reactivity, psychopharmacology, and genetics, have contributed significantly to the assessment of performance-enhancing drugs in animal models. Particular classes of steroid hormones: androgenic steroids are of interest. Anecdotally, the performance enhancing effects of androgens are attributed to anabolic events. However, there is a discrepancy between anecdotal evidence and investigative data. While some androgen steroids may promote muscle growth (myogenesis), effects of androgens on performance enhancement are not always seen. Indeed, some effects of androgens on performance may be attributable to their psychological and cardiovascular effects. As such, we consider androgen effects in terms of their behavioral, autonomic, and neuroendocrine components. Techniques are discussed in this chapter, some of which are well established, while others have been more recently developed to study androgen action. Androgens may be considered for their positive impact, negative consequence, or psychotropic properties. Thus, this review aims to elucidate some of the effects and/or mechanisms of androgens on behavioral, autonomic, and/or neuroendocrine assessment that may underlie their controversial performance enhancing effects.

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Mad men, women and steroid cocktails: a review of the impact of sex and other factors on anabolic androgenic steroids effects on affective behaviors

Onakomaiya

Henderson

2016

Psychopharmacology

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Rationale For several decades, elite athletes and a growing number of recreational consumers have used anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) as performance enhancing drugs. Despite mounting evidence that illicit use of these synthetic steroids has detrimental effects on affective states, information available on sex-specific actions of these drugs is lacking. Objectives The focus of this review is to assess information to date on the importance of sex and its interaction with other environmental factors on affective behaviors, with an emphasis on data derived from non-human studies. Methods The PubMed database was searched for relevant studies in both sexes. Results Studies examining AAS use in females are limited, reflecting the lower prevalence of use in this sex. Data, however, indicate significant sex-specific differences in AAS effects on anxiety-like and aggressive behaviors, interactions with other drugs of abuse, and the interplay of AAS with other environmental factors such as diet and exercise. Conclusions Current methods for assessing AAS use have limitations that suggest biases of both under- and over-reporting, which may be amplified for females who are poorly represented in self-report studies of human subjects and are rarely used in animal studies. Data from animal literature suggest that there are significant sex-specific differences in the impact of AAS on aggression, anxiety, and concomitant use of other abused substances. These results have relevance for human females who take these drugs as performance enhancing substances and for transgender XX individuals who may illicitly self-administer AAS as they transition to a male gender identity.

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Self-administration of estrogen and dihydrotestosterone in male hamsters

Cited by 29 publications

References 52 publications

Anabolic–androgenic steroid dependence? Insights from animals and humans

Anabolic–androgenic steroid dependence? Insights from animals and humans

Dissociating Behavioral, Autonomic, and Neuroendocrine Effects of Androgen Steroids in Animal Models

Mad men, women and steroid cocktails: a review of the impact of sex and other factors on anabolic androgenic steroids effects on affective behaviors

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