Self-affirmation theory and cigarette smoking warning images

DiBello, Angelo M.; Neighbors, Clayton; Ammar, Joe

doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.09.026

Cited by 26 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Exploratory Research Questions We also explored whether the effectiveness of the self-affirmation intervention differed by subgroup. In prior research, self-affirmations have been more effective for people at higher versus lower risk based on the number of cigarettes smoked per day (Armitage et al, 2008;DiBello et al, 2015;Harris et al, 2007;Memish et al, 2017). Thus, we tested whether self-affirmations were more effective for participants who smoked more, with no predictions for the self-affirmation variations.…”

Section: Primary Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Few studies have tested whether self-affirmation interventions can be scaled up for widespread public health use (Schüz et al, 2017). Although self-affirmation interventions have been administered online (DiBello et al, 2015;Epton et al, 2014;Kamboj et al, 2016;Mays & Zhao, 2016;Memish et al, 2017;Nan & Zhao, 2012;Schumann, 2014;Taber et al, 2016;van Koningsbruggen & Das, 2009;Zhao & Nan, 2010), many targeted students, and few adapted interventions specifically for mobile phone use. Most Americans own smartphones (77%), with 20% accessing the internet solely through a phone (Pew Research Center, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adapting a self-affirmation intervention for use in a mobile application for smokers

et al. 2019

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Self-affirmation interventions can reduce defensive responses to threats to the self, but have had limited reach to the general population. We sought to create an effective and feasible version of the Kindness Questionnaire self-affirmation intervention for use on a mobile device outside the traditional university laboratory setting and by non-student participants. In an online experiment, 603 cigarette smokers (M age = 37.5 years, SD = 10.2) were randomly assigned to one of six conditions in a 2 (Self-Affirmation: Self-Affirmation, No Self-Affirmation Control) 9 3 (Example Type: Written, Imagined, No Examples) fully-crossed design. Participants read a message about the health harms of smoking. None of the self-affirmation variations were effective or feasible: the self-affirmation showed null effects on the primary outcomes of message acceptance, perceived message effectiveness, and reactance. It also backfired by reducing intentions to quit smoking and risk perceptions. Participants spent little time reading the health message, and those in the written selfaffirmation condition infrequently provided detailed responses. Translating interventions developed and tested for efficacy in laboratory settings to ''real-world'' settings is necessary but challenging.

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Section: Primary Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adapting a self-affirmation intervention for use in a mobile application for smokers

et al. 2019

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“…Although self-affirmation exercises seem to be effective tools in other areas of health messaging (e.g., smoking, healthy eating) [9,10], important differences led us to propose competing hypotheses. First, in other health domains, participants are making health decisions for themselves, rather than for their children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Researchers have tested various messaging techniques to decrease negative vaccine attitudes and to increase vaccination rates, but have found it difficult to change parents’ negative attitudes (e.g., [7,8]). The present study attempted to apply a psychological intervention—a self-affirmation exercise—which has proven helpful in health messaging acceptance in other domains (e.g., smoking, healthy eating) [9,10] to vaccine safety messaging for parents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A self-affirmation exercise does not improve intentions to vaccinate among parents with negative vaccine attitudes (and may decrease intentions to vaccinate)

et al. 2017

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Two studies investigated the effectiveness of a self-affirmation exercise on vaccine safety beliefs and intent to vaccinate future children. In Study 1, a sample of 585 parents with at least one child under the age of 18 in the home participated through Amazon’s MTurk. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions in a 2 x 2 design. Participants read either correcting information refuting a link between the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine and autism or a control passage about bird feeding. Additionally, participants either completed a self-affirmation exercise where they reflected on their personal values or in a control condition in which they reflected on least-personally-important values that might be important to others. Participants exposed to the correcting information were less likely to believe that vaccines cause serious side effects, but no less likely to believe that the MMR vaccine causes autism. For parents with initially positive vaccine attitudes, there was no effect of condition on intent to vaccinate a future child. For parents with initially negative vaccine attitudes, self-affirmation was ineffective in the presence of correcting information and resulted in less intention to vaccinate in the absence of correcting information. This effect was partially replicated in Study 2 (N = 576), which provided no correcting information but otherwise followed the same procedure as Study 1.

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“…For example, depicting negative health effects of smoking one packet of cigarettes for smokers with low affirmation may lead to defensive responses in terms of ignoring the message. Individuals with high self-affirmation are more likely to accept contradictory information, incorporate it into their self-concept, and begin the process of changing their thoughts or behavior (Dibello et al, 2015; Kessels et al, 2016). Cartoons using characters with positive characteristics (good looking, intelligent, autonomous, active learner, etc.)…”

Section: Cartoon As a Structure For Psychoeducation: A Neurocognitimentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroscience-informed psychoeducation for addiction medicine: A neurocognitive perspective

Ekhtiari

Rezapour

Aupperle

et al. 2017

Progress in Brain Research

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Psychoeducation (PE) is defined as an intervention with systematic, structured, and didactic knowledge transfer for an illness and its treatment, integrating emotional and motivational aspects to enable patients to cope with the illness and to improve its treatment adherence and efficacy. PE is considered an important component of treatment in both medical and psychiatric disorders, especially for mental health disorders associated with lack of insight, such as alcohol and substance use disorders (ASUDs). New advancements in neuroscience have shed light on how various aspects of ASUDs may relate to neural processes. However, the actual impact of neuroscience in the real-life clinical practice of addiction medicine is minimal. In this chapter, we provide a perspective on how PE in addiction medicine can be informed by neuroscience in two dimensions: content (knowledge we transfer in PE) and structure (methods we use to deliver PE). The content of conventional PE targets knowledge about etiology of illness, treatment process, adverse effects of prescribed medications, coping strategies, family education, and life skill training. Adding neuroscience evidence to the content of PE could be helpful in communicating not only the impact of drug use but also the beneficial impact of various treatments (i.e., on brain function), thus enhancing motivation for compliance and further destigmatizing their symptoms. PE can also be optimized in its “structure” by implicitly and explicitly engaging different neurocognitive processes, including salience/attention, memory, and self-awareness. There are many interactions between these two dimensions, structure and content, in the delivery of neuroscience-informed psychoeducation (NIPE). We explore these interactions in the development of a cartoon-based NIPE to promote brain recovery during addiction treatment as a part of the brain awareness for addiction recovery initiative.

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Self-affirmation theory and cigarette smoking warning images

Cited by 26 publications

References 21 publications

Adapting a self-affirmation intervention for use in a mobile application for smokers

Adapting a self-affirmation intervention for use in a mobile application for smokers

A self-affirmation exercise does not improve intentions to vaccinate among parents with negative vaccine attitudes (and may decrease intentions to vaccinate)

Neuroscience-informed psychoeducation for addiction medicine: A neurocognitive perspective

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