Self-Assembled Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Modified APTES-ITO Electrode for Simultaneous Stripping Analysis of Cd(II) and Pb(II) Ions

Abstract

Carboxyl (−COOH)-stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) synthesized through co-precipitation were used to modify an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode, which was chemically functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) for heavy metal detection. The effect of soaking time (30, 60, 90, and 120 min) of IONP-COOH self-assembled on an APTES-ITO electrode was studied. Cyclic voltammetry and scanning electron microscopy were applied to analyze the electrochemical properties and morphologies of IONP-COOH/APTES-ITO modified electrode. The modified electrodes were then employed for the simultaneous detection of Cd(II) and Pb(II) by using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry. At 90 min of soaking time, excellent electrochemical performance and larger effective surface area (A e ) were obtained. The linear range for the simultaneous detection of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions using the modified electrode was 10−100 ppb with limits of detection of 0.90 and 0.60 ppb, respectively. The interference study revealed a low interference effect from Cr(III), Hg(II), Zn(II), Cu(II), Mg(II), Na(I), and K(I) toward the simultaneous detection of Cd(II) and Pb(II). Finally, the IONP-COOH/APTES-ITO-modified electrode was applied to analyze seawater samples and was able to simultaneously detect Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions.

Enhanced adsorptive removal of As(V) ions in aqueous solution using polyethersulfone ultrafiltration mixed matrix membranes impregnated with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane modified magnetite Fe3O4 nanoparticles

“…During the modification process, the ethoxy functional group in the APTES molecule undergoes hydrolysis to form silanols (SiOH). These silanols can be immobilized by covalent bonding with magnetite Fe 3 O 4 NPs 35 . Therefore, the silanols formed through hydrolysis of the ethoxy functional group in the APTES molecule can be covalently bonded with the magnetite Fe 3 O 4 NPs.…”

“…These silanols can be immobilized by covalent bonding with magnetite Fe 3 O 4 NPs. 35 Therefore, the silanols formed through hydrolysis of the ethoxy functional group in the APTES molecule can be covalently bonded with the magnetite Fe 3 O 4 NPs. Moreover, the observed Fe O peak at 585 cm À1 indicating the formation of Fe 3 O 4 NPs which correlate with Raman analysis.…”

Iron/iron oxide-based magneto-electrochemical sensors/biosensors for ensuring food safety: recent progress and challenges in environmental protection

“…Nor et al 172 designed an electrochemical sensor method based on carboxyl iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) for detecting Cd( ii ) and Pb( ii ) in seawater samples. In this report, the indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) was modified by carboxyl iron oxide nanoparticles.…”

“…Table 1 ref. 50–175 summarizes the types of food contamination studied using the electrochemical sensors based on iron magnetic beads.…”

Simultaneous Sensing of Cd(II), Pb(II), and Cu(II) Using Gold Nanoparticle-Modified APTES-Functionalized Indium Tin Oxide Electrode: Effect of APTES Concentration

“…Their studies reported on single heavy metal detection. Recently, they reported on an iron oxide nanoparticle-modified APTES-ITO electrode for the simultaneous detection of Cd(II) and Pb(II) 27 and bismuth nanosheet-modified APTES-SPCE for Pb(II) detection with excellent electrochemical performance. 28 Inspired by the excellent properties of APTES, in this work, AuNPs assembled with varying concentration percentages on the chemically functionalized APTES-ITO electrode for the simultaneous detection of Cd(II), Pb(II), and Cu(II) were studied.…”